A comparison between general anesthesia versus dissociative conscious sedation_ subcutaneous ketamin+ intravenous narcotics_ in hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation in imam khomaini hospital, on 1391

Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation leads to increase in serum catecholamine level which results in hemodynamic responses such as hypertension and tachycardia and providing appropriate depth of sedation is of great importance. Dissociative Conscious Sedation (DCS) by employing subcutaneous ketamine and narcotic is a new approach, safety and usefulness of which is been proven in other invasive procedures. The aim of this study is to study the usefulness of this method in endotracheal intubation. The 48 patients are enrolled in this study. Inclusion criteria is all patients in ASA class 1 or 2 (without underlying disease or with mild underlying disease which is well controlled by medication) undergoing colonoscopy; age between 18-60. Exclusion criteria is any uncontrolled or poor controlled underlying disease; seizure disorders; history of hypersensitivity to egg or any drug; addiction to narcotics; mental retardation or any cognitive disorder. Patients are divided in to two groups each including 24 cases. The first group will receive midazolam + fentanyl as premedication and na thiopental + atracurium for induction. The second group will receive fentanyl + 0.6 mg/kg SQ ketamine+ morphine during the procedure. At the end of the study two groups will be comparing in hemodynamic parameters and side effects

Tehran University of Medical Sciences