The present study has been designed to investigate the effect of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) treatment on lipid profiles, apolipoproteins and body composition of subjects with low serum HDL-C levels. The study has a parallel, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled design. One hundred and fifty subjects with low HDL-C levels (serum HDL-C < 40 mg/dl) will be recruited from endocrine clinics using a sequential design and randomly assigned into 3 groups, 1600 mg PSO (n =50), 3200 mg PSO (n =50) and placebo (n =50) groups. For every patient, medical history including history of medication use will be obtained and a thorough physical examination will be performed. All subjects will be given capsules for twelve weeks. The 1600 mg PSO group will consume 2 PSO (800 mg PSO) capsules and 2 placebo capsules, The 3200 mg PSO group will consume 4 PSO capsules daily, while controls will take 4 placebo capsules. Measurements of anthropometric indexes, body composition, and blood pressure will be obtained at baseline and again 12 weeks after treatment. Physical activity and 3 consecutive dietary recalls will be obtained at baseline, and at the end of the weeks 6 and 12. After 12 to 14 hours overnight fasting, blood samples will be taken for biochemical analysis in days 1, 2 and at the end of weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12. Measurement of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, HDL-C2, HDL-C3, VLDL-C, Apo B100, Apo AI, Panicic acid and 9c, 11t CLA will be done in each sample.