After obtaining written informed consent from eligible patients, and getting an approval from Ethics committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, a double-blind prospective, randomized study will be done among patients with elective surgery.
Inclusion criteria:
- The patient's satisfaction
– Age between 20 and 60 years old.
Exclusion criteria:
- History of substance abuse; hypnotics or narcotics throughout 24 hours before the surgery
- History of drug abuse, or alcohol- dependency
- Contraindication of Propofol or Ketamine
- High Intracranial Pressure
Patients will be randomly allocated into three groups according to table of random numbers. Groups "one", "two", and "three" will receive normal saline 0.9%, 0.1 mg/kg of intravenous (IV) ketamine, and 1 mcg/kg of Intravenous Fentanyl, respectively.
After 45 seconds, 1.5 mg/kg of propofol will be injected (at speed of 1 ml/s) and every 5 seconds, paying attention to the patient's face, using the method of Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) grading 0 to 3 {0-No; 1-Slight pain or discomfort; 2-Moderate pain; 3-Severe pain (changing the face or hand pulling back)}. Then, the patient will be asked about the pain during injection. Subsequently, the rest of propofol infusion will be injected and after reduced level of consciousness, other steps of anesthesia will be done. Then grading of pain during recovery, 6 and 12 hours after injection will be evaluated.