After obtaining written informed consent from eligible patients, and getting an approval from Ethics committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, a double-blind prospective, randomized study will be done among patients with Elective Cesarean Section. Spinal anesthesia with 12.5 mg Marcaine will done in both groups equally.
Inclusion criteria:
- The patient's satisfaction
– Age between 20 and 40 years old
- ASA class I & II
Exclusion criteria:
- The lack of patient's satisfaction to spinal anesthesia
- History of hypnotics or narcotics throughout 24 hours before the surgery
- History of drug abuse, or alcohol- dependency
- Contraindication of Ketamine
- Contraindications of Spinal Anesthesia( Patient refusal ; Infection at the site of planned needle puncture ; Elevated intracranial pressure and Bleeding diathesis)
Patients will be randomly allocated into three groups according to table of random numbers.
Groups "one", "two", and "three" will receive 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine with 10 ml Normal Saline Before surgery incision in place of incision Subcutaneously, 0.5 mg/kg of ketamine with 10 ml Normal Saline after end of surgery in place of incision Subcutaneously, and 10 ml Normal Saline after end of surgery in place of incision Subcutaneously, respectively.
Postoperative pain and needs for analgesics will measured at 1,2,4,6,12,18 and 24 hours after surgery.