1. Objective of the study: clinical comparison of a posterior composite and an inomer glass cement pack for primary tooth restoration
2. Study design: random, single blind, 2 trial phase
3. Methodology: after the patients are selected based on inclusion criteria, the method is as follows:
Occlusal surface caries are removed by high-speed handpiece with water spray. This is done with minimal removal of healthy dental structure. After caries removal, the cavity is washed and dried. Moisture is controlled by cotton roll and strong saliva suction. According to manufacturers, for the second mandibular primary molar of one side is randomly washed with moist cotton ball and then dried by clean cotton ball. Then, Fuji IX Gp Extra glass inomer cement (EQUIA) is placed and covered by Vaseline to protect from contamination and moisture. And on the other side, the cavity is etched by phosphoric acid gel 35%. The cavities are fully washed by water and air spray and mildly dried by air syringe. After the cavity is etched, a single bond agent is applied with slow movement of applicator tip and is attenuated by air flow. Curing the bond agent is performed by LED light cure machine and then M3 compressable posterior composite is placed into the cavity and is lightly cured.
Then, every tooth is investigated by dental mirror and probe for lack of bubbles, marginal adaptation and polymerization completion; and if any problem is observed, the tooth is re-treated. Then the occlusion is investigated using articulation paper. If any early contacts are observed, the points of interestare removed by milling process.After treatment completion, standard preventive methods, including nutritional recommendations, health education and using topical Fluoride, are explained orally and in a written manner. Then avery restored tooth is evaluated in 6, 12 and 18 month intervals by dental mirror and probe; and according to USPHS index, marginal integrity, color match, marginal spot, anatomic form and secondary caries are recorded. It must be noted that all above-mentioned treatment stages are performed by one and the same person (professional pediatric dentistry assistant). Statistical Chi-square tests are then applied to evaluate the obtained results.
4. Participants: 50 children aged 4-9 years old having small to moderate caries lesions on occlusal surface of the second mandibular primary molar are selected.
a) Major inclusion criteria: presence of small to medium caries on occlusal surface of the second primary molar on both right and left of mandible; presence of proximal contact with the adjacent intact or restored tooth; lack of any indications for pulp therapy or other restrorative treatments on the studied teeth; lack of involvement of periodontal tissues; at least two years left to normal tooth loss
b)Major exclusion criteria: extensive caries lesions, children younger than 4 and older than 9 years old
5. Interventions: M3 posterior composite of Fuji IX glass inomer cement pack
6. primary implication: dental caries.