This study, which was performed as a double blind randomized and controlled clinical trial, aimed to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) for controlling pain and improving the quality of life (QOL) as compared to the optimal medical treatment (OMT) in vertebral compression fractures (VCFS). 85 patients were randomly divided into two groups, a control group including 45 patients who were treated by optimal medical therapy and a study group including 40 patients who underwent PV for vertebral fractures beside the OMT for preventing of osteoporosis progress. Patients were evaluated by radiography, MRI and CTS and were under 1 week, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of clinical examinations. All patients with osteoporotic VCF and a height loss of the vertebral body (10-70%), low back pain in the clinical examination, progressive mild deformity, no response to the conventional medical therapy were included for performing PV and 1-3 cc polymethylmethacrylate was injected into the vertebral body according to the fracture type and vertebral condition by specific devices such as Technimed, France or MENDEC Spine Kit, Verona, Italia (www.tecres.it) as the intervention. Patients with coagulation defects, local or systemic infection, neural disorders, defect in the posterior wall of the vertebral body, painless VCF, severe spinal deformity were also excluded. Radiography was also taken at 2 and 6 months, 1, 2 and 3 years after the beginning of the treatment to show a decrease in the treatment period and medical expenses in the PV group in comparison with the OMT group