Objectives: Also, attempts are made to compare the effect of two sedatives, intravenous injection of morphine and ketamine, on the reduction of pain caused by long-bone fracture among the patients referring to the emergency ward of Imam Khomeini Medical and Educational Center during 4 hours that patients are present in this ward.
Design: Randomized, double blind, without control and with placebo, single central, stage three trial
Participants including major eligibility criteria:The research population includes 18 to 65 year old people with long bone fracture in their upper or lower extremities, which is caused by direct or blunt trauma, referring to the emergency ward of the hospital; they need inject-able sedatives to control their pain.
Inclusion criteria: Fracture of long bones in upper or lower extremities caused by blunt and direct trauma referring to the emergency ward; needing inject-able sedative
Exclusion criteria: Pregnant or breastfeeding women; pressure of above 18 or below 90 mm Hg; heart rate of below 50 or above 150 per minute; respiration rate of below 10 or above 30 per minute; reduced consciousness; use of inject-able drugs; open fracture; compartment syndrome; lack of tendency to participate in the project; receiving sedatives before the research
The sample size is calculated to be 156 patients.
Research intervention(s):
Intervention group: Ketamine, 0.5mg / kg intravenous injection (by Abidi Pharmaceutical Company, Iran), one dose, zero minute of the study
Intervention group: Morphine, 1.0mg / kg slow injection (by Abidi Pharmaceutical Company, Iran), one dose, zero minute of the study
Intervention time: Zero minute of the study
main outcome measures: Pain; intervention start; 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min after the intervention start; visual scale of pain