the effectiveness of pivotal response treatment on Improvement of question-asking in children with autism spectrum disorder: a single-subject design study
The present study investigated the effectiveness of pivotal response treatment in children with autism spectrum disorder. Target population was all the children with autism spectrum disorder in Zafar Counseling and Treatment Institute for autism based in Tehran. Because this study sought special or abnormal cases, a purposive sampling method was utilized. Accordingly, three children, all less than six years old, were chosen. All the children were diagnosed by a specialist to have symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. A single-case study design type A-B was used. After establishing the baseline, during the 12-week intervention, question-asking was introduced to the participants using pivotal response treatment. Dependent variable (question-asking initiation progress) was closely observed and measured by two experimenters. In data analysis stage, after constructing the graphs, steady state, and graph trends, intra-situational and inter-situational analysis were conducted to investigate the effect of independent variable on the dependent variable. A visual inspection of the graphs indicated that the intervention had been effective for all the three cases. We expect to see Improvement in question-asking in children with autism spectrum disorder after Intervention.
General information
Acronym
IRCT registration information
IRCT registration number:IRCT2015040521615N1
Registration date:2015-04-29, 1394/02/09
Registration timing:retrospective
Last update:
Update count:0
Registration date
2015-04-29, 1394/02/09
Registrant information
Name
Samad Azimi Garoosi
Name of organization / entity
University of Tehran
Country
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Phone
+98 21 7734 4952
Email address
smd.azimi@ut.ac.ir
Recruitment status
Recruitment complete
Funding source
Zafar Rehabilitation Institute
Expected recruitment start date
2014-10-23, 1393/08/01
Expected recruitment end date
2015-02-20, 1393/12/01
Actual recruitment start date
empty
Actual recruitment end date
empty
Trial completion date
empty
Scientific title
the effectiveness of pivotal response treatment on Improvement of question-asking in children with autism spectrum disorder: a single-subject design study
Public title
The effectiveness of the pivotal response treatment in children with autism: a single-subject design study
Purpose
Treatment
Inclusion/Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria: being diagnosed as having symptoms of autism spectrum disorder by an specialist, based on DSM-5; age ranging between 3-6; having serious problems regarding social initiation.
Exclusion criteria: being diagnosed as epileptic; suffering from cerebral palsy; suffering from secondary co-morbid disorders; non-cooperation of the participants; not being present at the sessions during the study.
Age
From 3 years old to 6 years old
Gender
Both
Phase
N/A
Groups that have been masked
No information
Sample size
Target sample size:
3
Randomization (investigator's opinion)
N/A
Randomization description
Blinding (investigator's opinion)
Not blinded
Blinding description
Placebo
Not used
Assignment
Single
Other design features
Secondary Ids
empty
Ethics committees
1
Ethics committee
Name of ethics committee
Ethics Committee of University of Isfahan-Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences
Street address
University of Isfahan, Hezar Jarib St, Azadi Sq, Isfahan.
City
Isfahan
Postal code
Approval date
2014-10-21, 1393/07/29
Ethics committee reference number
93/58257
Health conditions studied
1
Description of health condition studied
Autism Spectrum Disorder
ICD-10 code
F84.0
ICD-10 code description
Childhood autism
Primary outcomes
1
Description
Question-asking initiation
Timepoint
One week before and two weeks after intervention
Method of measurement
Observation by two raters
Secondary outcomes
empty
Intervention groups
1
Description
In this study a single-subject design was employed therefore, 3 participants during 12 sessions were instructed by pivotal response treatment.
Category
Treatment - Other
Recruitment centers
1
Recruitment center
Name of recruitment center
Zafar Rehabilitation Center
Full name of responsible person
Hadi Zarafshan
Street address
Shahid Dastjerdi St, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
City
Tehran
Sponsors / Funding sources
1
Sponsor
Name of organization / entity
Zafar Rehabilitation Institute
Full name of responsible person
Hadi Zarafshan
Street address
Shahid Dastjerdi St, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
City
Tehran
Grant name
Grant code / Reference number
Is the source of funding the same sponsor organization/entity?
Yes
Title of funding source
Zafar Rehabilitation Institute
Proportion provided by this source
100
Public or private sector
empty
Domestic or foreign origin
empty
Category of foreign source of funding
empty
Country of origin
Type of organization providing the funding
empty
Person responsible for general inquiries
Contact
Name of organization / entity
University of Tehran
Full name of responsible person
Samad Azimi Garoosi
Position
Ma student of psychology of children with special Needs
Other areas of specialty/work
Street address
Dr Kardan St. across Nasr Al. Jalal Al-Ahmad St. Chamran Hwy.
City
Tehran
Postal code
1445983861
Phone
+98 21882500625
Fax
Email
smd.azimi@ut.ac.ir smd.azimi@gmail.com
Web page address
Person responsible for scientific inquiries
Contact
Name of organization / entity
University of Tehran
Full name of responsible person
Samad Azimi Garoosi
Position
Ma student of psychology of Children with Special Needs
Other areas of specialty/work
Street address
Dr Kardan St. across Nasr Al. Jalal Al-Ahmad St. Chamran Hwy.
City
Tehran
Postal code
1445983861
Phone
+98 21882500625
Fax
Email
smd.azimi@ut.ac.ir smd.azimi@gmail.com
Web page address
Person responsible for updating data
Contact
Name of organization / entity
university of tehran
Full name of responsible person
Samad Azimi Garoosi
Position
MA student of psychology of Children with Special Needs
Other areas of specialty/work
Street address
Dr Kardan St. across Nasr Al. Jalal Al-Ahmad St. Chamran Hwy.
City
Tehran
Postal code
1445983861
Phone
+98 21882500625
Fax
+98 21 8825 4734
Email
smd.azimi@ut.ac.ir smd.azimi@gmail.com
Web page address
Sharing plan
Deidentified Individual Participant Data Set (IPD)