Objective: Study on effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf extract in treatment of hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients. Study population: Hypercholesterolemic type 2 diabetic patients attending the diabetes clinic. Sample size: 60 patients. Inclusion criteria: Iranian male and female type 2 diabetic outpatients, patients aged 40 to 60 years, patients with fasting serum glucose levels from 150 mg/dl to 200 mg/dl, patients with blood HbA1c levels from 7% to 9% despite taking two 5 mg glyburide tablets and two 500 mg metformin tablets every day, patients using two 5 mg glyburide tablets and two 500 mg metformin tablets every day, patients with fasting serum LDL levels from 100 mg/dl to 150 mg/dl. Exclusion criteria: Patients taking other anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic agents, patients receiving insulin, patients with cardiac, renal, hepatic, hematological diseases, hypothyroidism, tachycardia, vertigo and seizure, patients with a history of gallstones or gall bladder surgery, patients using estrogen, steroid, beta-blocker and thiazide, pregnant women, women planning pregnancy, breast-feeding women. Intervention: The artichoke leaf extract is administered to a group of about 30 patients at the dose of one 400 mg capsule every 8 hours for 2 months and one placebo capsule is administered to another group of about 30 patients every 8 hours for 2 months. At the end of the study, the blood levels of fasting glucose, 2 hours postprandial glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, lipids, creatinine and hepatic enzymes of the patients in the drug group and the placebo group are determined and compared with each other.