(1) Objectives Assessment of the alterations in vital signs, blood biochemical parameters and inflammatory response in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass premedicated with s-medetomidine or routine anesthesia practice at Rajaei Cardiovascular and Medical Center (2) Design Randomized and double-blinded (3) Setting and conduct Patients candidate for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery were randomly assigned in two groups. Their vital signs and demographic data will be recorded. Plasma sampling will be performed in three different times, before incision, after declamping and 24 hours post-operation. ELISA method will be used for assaying IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFa markers. (4) Participants including major eligibility criteria Inclusion criteria: informed consent of guardians; weight below or equal to 15 kg; candidate for cardiopulmonary bypass surgery; Congenital heart diseases; Pump time between 1 to 3 hours; operation time between 4 and 5 hours Exclusion criteria: patients’ death; active infection; operation time more than 5 hours and pump time more than 3 hours (5) Intervention 1. s-medetomidine 0.5ug/kg/hr 2. Routine anesthesia practice plus normal saline (6) Main outcome measures (variables) Blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, ICU stay, mechanical ventilation time, cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNFa)