In this double-blind study, the effect of prescription of inhaled budesonide intact with surfactant on the clinical course of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome was evaluated. Neonates entering the study were premature infants less than 1500 grams in weight with respiratory distress syndrome, required a surfactant and were treated with continuous airway pressure and receive oxygen more than 40 percent. Infants weighing less than 1000 gr, more than twins, have congenital malformations or have asphyxia were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into two groups. In one group, budesonide was combined with surfactant and in the other group alone, surfactant were prescribed. Infants were randomly assigned to each of the intervention or control groups and the provider, prescriber, and decision-maker were different people who were not aware of the overall study process. Treatment failure cases by the method of INSURE (INtubation, SUrfactant administration, Rapid Extubation), the duration of ventilator or c-pap requirement, the duration of oxygen requirement and the number of deaths in these two groups were compared and the relation between prescription of inhaled budesonide on the respiratory distress syndrome clinical course was evaluated.