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Study aim
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Determining The effect of rhythmic breathing on the severity of pain, fear and physiological indices of venipuncture in the elderly
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Design
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Clinical trial with control group, with parallel groups, without blindness, randomized simple random sampling, 100 samples
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Settings and conduct
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The experimental group consisted of 50 patients and 50 subjects in the control group. First, blood pressure and heart rate were measured in both groups. The test group performed rhythmic breathing for two minutes and no intervention in the control group. After venipuncture in two groups, patients fear and pain measure by "visual analog scale". Blood pressure and heart rate are also measure in two groups.
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Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
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Participants included elderly people referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd for cataract surgery.
Inclusion criteria: willingness to participate in research, Age 60-75
No entry criteria: Inability to perform rhythmic breathing, Addiction to opiates or strong analgesic, receive pain medication before surgery, Severe hearing visual mental and cognitive problems, sensory disturbances in the upper limb and neuropathic disorders and peripheral vascular diseases, Disease or inflammation or redness at the site of stroke
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Intervention groups
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Intervention involves regular breathing, which has been pre-trained and performed for two minutes. The procedure for regular breathing is such that the patient lays in a comfortable position, closes his eyes and performs a long, deep nose through the nose with 3 numbers.Then he will hold his breath in the lungs and count up to 3, then with the 3 numbers of a slow exhalation through the mouth.That along with the inspiratory or expiratory silent count one thousand one, one thousand two, etc. The control group does not do anything.
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Main outcome variables
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severity of pain, fear and physiological indices of venipuncture