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Study aim
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Examination of influence of macronutrients composition on metabolic responses and arterial stiffness indexes during postprandial phase in lean and obese adults
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Design
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crossover clinical trial
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Settings and conduct
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mam reza hospital, mashhad, iran
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Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
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The inclusion criteria will be: 1. Aged 18-35 years 2. Lean adult include: with a BMI of 18.5-23.5 kg/m2, body fat percent between 12-22%, waist circumference <90cm; obese adult include: with a BMI>27.5 kg/m2, body fat percent > 27%, waist circumference >90cm. 3. Men 4. Signing the Written informed consent 5. willing to undertake required fasting durations
Exclusion criteria will be: 1. Professional athlete 2. change in body weight greater than 10% in 6 months past 3. Current smoking 4. use of medications that might affect study outcomes such as hypo and hyper thyroid and caffein. 5. history of cardiovascular events (acute myocardial infarction, stroke, etc.), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, pharmacological treatment for any of these conditions, neurological and/or neuropsychological disease or the consumption of toxic substances 6. Use of supplement for weight loss and weight gain 7. who cannot consume test meals due to intolerances/dietary preferences (i.e. vegan, gluten, milk proteins).
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Intervention groups
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3 test meals include: protein rich, charbohydrate rich and fat rich
We will design a crossover clinical trial where each subject ( lean and obese men) will complete three interventions (high carbohydrate, high fat meal and high protein meal) with a washout period of one week between each trial.
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Main outcome variables
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thermic effect of the test meals , Resting measurements of energy expenditure and substrate, lipide profile, insulin, blood sugar, arterial stiffness index including: pulse wave velocity , augmentation index