Inclusion criteria:
Diagnosis of pronation distortion syndrome in both feet,
Based on the corrective exercise specialist’s opinion;detection of flexible flat feet without pain, evaluated by heel rise test, navicular drop more than 10 mm, and grade 2 flat feet,
Age range of 10-16 years,
Having normal vision or corrected vision using spectacles or contact lenses,
Absence of other acute or chronic diseases preventing exercise,
Physician’s agreement with corrective exercises; no history of injury or surgery on the knee;
No history of severe injury or surgery on the ankle, knee, thighs, hip, or back
Completing the informed consent form and individual health questionnaire.
Exclusion criteria:
Inner ear disorders;
Problems affecting balance in the nervous system;
Atrial fibrillation or uncorrectable refractive error;
History of lower limb injury, fracture, or surgery;
Abnormal range of lower limb movements;
Serious orthopedic disorders, such as having rigid flat feet (structural);
Presence of pain or emergence of pain during the study;
Not completing the pretest or posttest;
Inconsistent participation in exercise sessions (absence from two consecutive sessions or three sessions during the course).