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Study aim
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determination and comparison of effect of submucosal injection and intravenous injection of ketamine in depth of sedation average
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Design
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randomised contoroled clinical trial, 4 arm parallel group
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Settings and conduct
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184 patients who are candidate for diagnostic therapeutic procedures in Emergency Department (ED) of Alzahra and Kashani hospital will be divided in to 4 groups: IV group (group1),
2,3,4 mg/kg submucousal group (group2,3,4). Depth of sedation will be measured during procedure.
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Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
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Inclusion criteria:2-8 years old patients without IV line before emergency department enterance parents informed consent for study participation
Exclusion criteria:ketamin sensitivity, physical or mental disability, immune systme diseases, another necessity for IV line fixation for patient, hypertension, recent seziures, thyroid diseases, glaucoma or acute globe injury, psychopathy, history of airway instability and tracheal stenosis, major procedures that cause posterior nasopharyngeal stimulation, active lung and upper airway infection, cardiovascular disease such as cardiac failure and angina pectoris, porphyria, major head trauma, CNS tumor, hydrocephalus
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Intervention groups
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IV group (group1),
2,3,4 mg/kg submucousal group (group2,3,4)
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Main outcome variables
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depth of sedation