The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Oestrogen on muscle soreness. 24 healthy untrained female students, ranged between 18-24 years old, voluntarily participated in this study. 12 subjects were in mid-luteal phase of menstrual cycle (high oestrogen level) and other 12 subjects were in mid-follicular phase of menstrual cycle (low oestrogen level). All participants were informed of the procedures and signed written consent before participation. To induce delayed-onset muscle soreness, all participants walked on the Enraf treadmill, declined 10 degrees, with 4 km/h speed, for 30 minutes. This type of walking was accompanied with eccentric contraction of quadriceps and gluteus maximus and concentric contraction of gastrocnemius muscle. Maximal voluntary isometric strength of right and left quadriceps, pressure pain threshold, perceived pain, creatine kinase activity of serum, and thigh circumference were measured and compared in both groups, before intervention, and 24 and 48 hours after the intervention.