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Study aim
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Comparison of the effect of addition of ketamine, lidocaine and acetaminophen and dexmedetomidine to morphine in the pain control pump of opium addicts after orthopedic surgery
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Design
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The double blind clinical trial, consisting of 140 patients whom were randomly divided into 4 groups. The groups are parallel. The trial phase is 3.
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Settings and conduct
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Patients with opium addicts after orthopedic surgery at Valiasr hospital in Arak are divided into 4 groups by simple randomization with envelopes. The study is double-blind in which outcome evaluator and data analyst and participant are kept blind.
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Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
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Inclusion criteria: 20 to 60 years, ASA class 1 and 2
Non inclusion criteria: Dissatisfaction with studying, not accepting spinal anesthesia as a method of anesthesia, obesity, chronic pain, mental disorders, history of seizures, psychotropic drugs, daily use of painkillers (more than a week), sensitivity to drugs, upper respiratory infection, pregnancy, breastfeeding, hemodynamic instability
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Intervention groups
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Intervention Group 1: 1 milligram/ kilogram of Ketamine (Rotex Medica, Germany) will be added to morphine .
Intervention Group 2: 15 milligram/kilogram of Acetaminophen (Coble Drug - Iran) will be added to morphine.
Intervention Group 3: 1/5 milligram/kilogram of Lidocaine(Caspian Tamin Rasht-Iran) will be added to morphine.
Intervention Group 4:1 microgram/kilogram of Dexmedetomidine (Exir Company) will be added to morphine.
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Main outcome variables
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Relaxation; average drug use; nausea and vomiting; pain