obesity is currently one of the main clinical complains. Metabolic syndrome is a complication of obesity and is a combination of central obesity, dyslipidemia, glucose metabolism alteration, hypertension, and insulin resistance, that may begin in childhood and progress through adulthood and increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Risk of obesity and its complications is higher in obese children than normal weight children. Preventing obesity and metabolic syndrome in children prevents early occurrence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Sirtuins are deacetylase enzymes which act using NAD and effect gene expression by deacetylation of histones. SIRT1 is one of the sirtuins that has been shown to be associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and diabetes. This enzyme has been shown to be reduced in obesity and insulin resistance and is suggested as a marker and target for metabolic disorders. Because of the protective effect of SIRT1, its reduction in obesity may be responsible for the complications of diabetes and therefore induction of its expression may be effective in prevention of obesity complications.
Studies have shown that consumption of fish and food rich in omega6 and omega 3 fatty acids are protective against obesity and cardiovascular disorders. Nowadays diet is mostly does not provide enough omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Therefore supplementation with these fatty acids can be beneficial for health. Although many investigations have been performed in this regard, there are few studies about children and adolescents. Thus the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on lipid profile, insulin resistance, inflammatory parameters and sirtuin1 gene expression in children and adolescents and comparison with placebo.
Objectives:
1-comparison of SIRT1 gene expression before and after omega 3 supplementation in omega 3 and placebo groups
2- comparison of lipid profile before and after omega 3 supplementation in omega 3 and placebo groups
3- comparison of insulin resistance parameters before and after omega 3 supplementation in omega 3 and placebo groups
4- comparison of inflammatory markers before and after omega 3 supplementation in omega 3 and placebo groups
Methods:
1-Partcipants are chosen based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and are clinically evaluated. Their height and weight are measured and BMI is calculated. Blood pressure is measured.
2- omega 3 supplementation is performed for intervention for the duration of 2 months and fasting blood specimen is obtained both prior to intervention and after that.
2- Plasma is separated and kept frozen until later analysis. PBMC fraction is obtained.
3- Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, hCRP, adiponectin and visfatin are measured.
4- RNA is extracted from PBMC and cDNA is synthesized. Real-time PCR is performed using SIRT1 specific primers and beta-actin primer as housekeeping gene. difference is measured by delta Ct method.
5- SPSS software is used for statistical analysis.