Effects of administrated placebo on physical fitness in adolescents with normal weight.

1- To determine the efficacy of administered placebo in enhancing the physical fitness in adolescents. 2- To check the relationship between administered placebo and motivation level in adolescents.

RCT

Schools of Islamabad/ Rawalpindi.

Inclusion Criteria  Healthy Adolescents of Rawalpindi/Islamabad.  Age: 10-19 (According to WHO) both genders, after taking written consent of participants from their parents/ guardians. Exclusion Criteria  Diagnosed cases of acute or chronic diseases  Adolescent with any deformity or Psychological illness  Family history of sudden cardiac death, comorbidities (Asthma and Diabetes)  History of exercise associated with dizziness, pre-syncope or collapse  Refusal of giving informed consent

1- Control group 2- Experimental group Control group: Control group adolescents will be pre-tested on four fitness tests (sit & reach test, reduced cooper test, broad jump and 20 meter running) and motivation level using Physical activity and leisure motivation scale PALMS by the first investigator. Then there would be a break of 30 minutes in which they will only receive water. After that, all the participants will be Post- tested on the basis of same fitness tests and motivation scale as mentioned above. Experimental group: In this group adolescents will be pre-tested on the same fitness tests and motivation as mentioned above. Then in the break these adolescents will be given placebo drink (included water + red food color) along with leaflet (statement written reinforcing the effect of placebo drink), and will be post tested by using same tests as mentioned in control group.

Distance Time Exertion Motivation Pulse rate

The randomization method was used, the participants were assigned in control and experimental group through sealed enveloped method. Procedure of Randomization: No: of Participants=60 Material used: - 60 Envelops - 60 Sheets of properly cut Aluminum paper double the size of the paper. - 60 Sheets of Carbon paper, cut in to appropriate size according to the paper used. Procedure: Step I - A standard sized square paper was taken in which group "A" was marked. In this way 30 papers were prepared marked with "A" and 30 squared shaped paper marked with "B". Step II The sheet of paper on which either A or B was marked were folded to fit the envelop. Step III A sheet of Carbon paper was placed on the top of the folded paper (marked either A or B ) facing the envelop. Step IV Then the sheet of Aluminum foil was wrapped on the carbon paper ( with folded paper inside). Step V All the above prepared were placed in the envelop ( which was completely opaque), the enveloped was then sealed. Step VI In this way 30 envelops of "A" and 30 envelops of "B" were prepared. with a total number of 60 envelops. Step VII - These 60 envelops were then thoroughly shuffled like deck of cards. - The envelopes were then marked with number 1-60. Each participants picked the envelop in order from 1-60 and was given placebo (water or drink) accordingly.

The second investigator was blinded to avoid biasness and water was given to control group and placebo to the experimental group by first investigator.

Due to ethical considerations