The effect of implementing pain self-management program on pain self-efficacy, pain intensity and pain acceptance in the elderly with chronic low back pain referred to clinics affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2020

The overall aim of the self-management program is to help participants maintain their health and manage their illnesses.

The present study is a randomized, controlled clinical trial. In this study, 100 participants would be randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups by permuted block randomization method.

The intervention group is divided into subgroups of 10 people, and they will be informed about the class schedule. Furthermore, the place of training will be in the school of medicine.

Inclusion criteria: 1) Age over 60 years 2) The ability to read and write 3) Cognitive health based on the Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) criteria Exclusion criteria: 1) Any history of back surgery 2) Any mobility disorders and disability

After randomly dividing the participants into intervention and control groups, the intervention group completes the questionnaires before the intervention starts. Immediately after ending the intervention, the questionnaires will be completed for the second time. Then the intervention group will be given a one-month period to implement the training at home and be contacted via phone for further follow-up. At the end of the one-month period, the questionnaires will be completed for the third time. The control group will receive only routine care. This group will complete the questionnaires in parallel with the intervention group before the start, immediately after the end, and one month after the intervention.

Pain self-efficacy; Pain intensity; Acceptance of pain

Unit randomization is done by block method with a block size of 4. For each of the 6 possible scenarios for the quadruple block, the numbers are assigned as follows AABB (1), ABAB (2), ABBA (3), BBAA (4), BABA (5), BAAB (6).The numbers between 1 and 6 are selected, and the treatment allocation list is determined according to each number..In this method, the cans are numbered in a random sequence. Inside the boxes, the desired intervention or a sheet on which the random allocation is written is provided to the executor with the condition that the boxes are completely sealed. Finally, the researcher assigns patients to the control and intervention groups based on patients' admission orders.Tools: Create random sequences of 4 random blocks Concealment to execute random sequences on study participants will be done. How to make blocks: Randomly select the block and read the letters from right to left. Hiding will be done by the method of cans that are numbered in random sequence. The cans are the same weight and shape and will be prepared by an independent researcher.