Inclusion criteria:
Female with ASA class I _ II physical condition Candidate for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in the age range of 18-60 years in Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz
Laparoscopic uterine adnexal surgeries include cystectomy, salpingectomy, oophorectomy, and ectopic pregnancy, all of which are almost identical in terms of surgery time and difficulty.
Patient consent to study
Exclusion criteria:
Hemoglobin less than 10
Unusual bleeding during surgery and the need for transfusions of blood and blood products
Need to convert surgery to laparotomy
Existence of any contraindications to spinal anesthesia
Sensitivity to local spinal anesthetics
Obesity
history of multiple surgeries more than twice, history of previous myomectomy,History of previous intra-abdominal adhesions
Accompanying systemic diseases such as any history of cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, etc.
Grade three and four gynecological surgeries include hysterectomy, resection of tubo-ovarian abscesses, advanced endometriosis, myomectomy, abdominal cerclage, resection of the lateral horn of the uterus, and any disease with intra-abdominal adhesions.