Inclusion criteria:
Age between 30 and 50 years old
Body mass index (BMI) ranged from 25 to 35 kg/m2
The presence of at least three of the five components of the metabolic syndrome according to the ATP III criteria including waist circumference greater than 102 cm in men and 88 cm in women, triglyceride equal to or greater than 150 mg/dL, HDL less than or equal to 40 in men and less than or equal to 50 In women, blood pressure equal to or greater than 130/85 mmHg and blood sugar equal to or greater than 100 mg/dL
Willingness to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria:
Participate in weight loss programs over the past six months
Weight change of more than 10% in the last six months
Professional athletes or changes in the intensity and level of physical activity during the last four weeks
Pregnant, lactating and postmenopausal women
Allergy to dairy products and probiotics
Smoking and alcohol consumption
Routine consumption of products containing probiotics or synbiotics
Diagnosed cardiovascular, kidney, gastrointestinal, endocrine, pulmonary, neurological, and autoimmune diseases; diabetes; thyroid dysfunction; cancer; and eating disorders.
Taking medications that could affect appetite, body weight, and lipid metabolism or have anti-inflammatory effects such as corticosteroids, oral contraceptives, antidepressants and antipsychotics, anti-diabetics, statins, and other lipid-lowering drugs.
Take antibiotics one month before the study begins
Uncontrolled blood pressure
Take probiotics and other dietary supplements within three months before the start of the study