Effect of education on self-efficacy and diabetes-related outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes: A follow-up care model based on online messaging service

Determining the impact of continuous care model based on online messaging service on self-efficacy and diabetes-related outcomes in patients with type 1 diabetes

A single-center, single-blinded, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with balanced randomization (1:1) will be conducted over three months.

Patients with Type 1 diabetes who are admitted to the internal ward of Shahid Mustafa Khomeini Hospital, Ilam, Iran will be invited to participate in this study. Eligible participants will be randomized using permuted block randomization with allocation concealment.

Inclusion criteria: Being clinically diagnosed with type 1 diabetes Mellitus at least 6 months. The age range of 18-65 years. Willingness to participate in the research. No medical history of having cognitive deficits or mental illness. No acute medical condition in the last 6 months. Having the ability to read and write Persian. Have a mobile phone and be able to use it. Exclusion criteria: Type 1 diabetes combined with severe complications which would interfere with self-care such as DKA, heart attack, and angina. Have hemolytic anemias, and hemoglobinopathies. Known hearing impairment. Known vision impairment. Unable to participate in the education program (for example are housebound or are participating in another research study).

Intervention group: The duration of training based on the online messenger service is 3 months (12 weeks) which will be sent to patients 3 times a week in the form of text and videos related to type 1 diabetes. The control group will receive routine and usual care related to diabetes

Self-efficacy , Adherence to treatment, Self-care

After baseline assessment eligible patients will randomly be assigned to one of two treatment groups using permuted block randomization with allocation concealment. Block randomization will be conducted by Random Allocation Software 2.0, with a block size of four, and an allocation ratio of 1:1. The main use of Random Allocation Software is to produce simple or block randomized sequences for parallel group trials. Participants will be sequentially allocated to the treatments in the order in which they were recruited. Intervention assignment will be ascertained using sealed, opaque envelopes with consecutive numbering. The investigator who opens the envelopes and implements assignments will not be involved in the generation and allocation concealment. Due to the nature of the intervention, patients and the study researchers will be aware of the allocated treatment.

Due to the nature of the intervention, neither participants nor researchers can be blinded. This is a single-blinded study. The assessor (who will assess the outcome measures) and the data analyzer will be blind.