Inclusion criteria:
Consent to participate in the study
primiparous women
singleton pregnancy
live fetus
maternal age 15-49 years
gestational age 37 to 42 weeks (based on the first day of the last menstrual period or first trimester ultrasound)
cephalic presentation
normal fetal heart rate (110 -160)
Exclusion criteria:
history of any incision on the uterus
- detection of abnormal dimensions of the pelvis through vaginal examination and examination of ischial spines, obstetric conjugation, sacrum concavity, condition of pelvic wall(s) and pubic arch angle
abnormal bleeding
epidural anesthesia
presence of any abnormalities in soft tissue or Bony birth canal (diagnosed through vaginal examination)
having an abnormal fetus or intrauterine growth restriction
indication for cesarean section (fetal distress, prolapse of the umbilical cord, diagnosis of absolute pelvic stenosis by the doctor)
known medical diseases based on the patient's file including history or current suffering from any systemic disease such as diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, kidney disease, nervous disease, liver disease, digestive disease, respiratory disease, thyroid disease)
Fetal membranes that have been ruptured for more than 8 hours
High-risk pregnancy (preeclampsia, placenta previa, Placental abruption, chorioamnionitis, placenta accreta)