Inclusion criteria:
Having a report of chronic ankle instability according to the form announced by the International Ankle Association, in such a way that the person declares that they have a condition in which they feel the ankle is unstable during daily activities and sports activities, and usually with the fear of developing an acute sprain
People who have a history of at least one ankle sprain in the last 12 months, which was accompanied by symptoms of inflammation and prevented them from doing their daily activities for at least one day
At least 3 months have passed since the last injury
People who have a feeling of instability or recurrent ankle sprains (2 or more cases in one ankle) or ankle sprains (at least two cases in the 6 months before the study)
People who score less than 24 from the Cumberland ankle instability tools (CAIT) questionnaire. To investigate chronic ankle instability and the presence of instability, the Persian version of the CAIT questionnaire is used. This questionnaire consists of 9 questions, after completing it, a score between 0 and 30 is obtained. A score equal to and above 24 indicates stability, and a score below 24 indicates chronic instability. This questionnaire has been translated into Farsi, which has good validity and reliability
People who score less than 90% for daily activities from the questionnaire (FAAM) foot and ankle ability measures. This questionnaire includes 21 items related to daily activities and 8 items related to sports. Each item is scored from zero to four, where zero means no ability to do it and 4 means no difficulty in doing it. ADL total score is from 0 to 84 and exercise score is from 0 to 32. Then these scores are calculated as a percentage. For instability, the ADL score should be less than 90% and the exercise score should be less than 80%. This questionnaire has been translated into Farsi and is a valid and reliable tool in determining the physical performance of people who have foot and ankle disorders
People aged 18-45
Exclusion criteria:
Athletes (those who have special and regular sports training at least three times a week)
Rheumatic diseases
History of surgery or fracture on vertebrae and lower limb
History of abdominal surgery
Myelopathy, radiculopathy or nerve compression
Taking similar treatments for ankle in the last 3 months
Any neurological disease such as diabetic neuropathy or multiple sclerosis
Chronic non-specific back pain
Vestibular or balance disorders diagnosed by a physician
History of damage to the central nervous system
Taking sleeping pills 12 hours before balance tests
Uncorrected visual impairment
Any contraindication to manipulation such as spine and ankle hypermobility
History of taking corticosteroid drugs
Osteopenia and osteoporosis following metabolic diseases
Sacroiliac problems
Measurements should not be taken during the monthly cycle