IRCT2013012211430N3 IRCT 2013-04-17 Reaserch center of Avicenna Treatment of patients with recurrent pregnancy loss Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor(G-CF) on treatment of unexplained recurrent miscarriage in Avicena center 2013-04-21 anticipated 68 Complete https://irct.ir/trial/11702 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Single blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment. 2-3 Recurrent pregnancy loss. Intervention 1: Intra uterin infusion of G-CSF when follicle size is appropriate and 1 week after HCG. Intervention 2: Routin care; we have no intervention in control group. Objective Endometrium undergoes several changes in structure and cellular compose during pregnancy. GCS-F (Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor) is an important cytokine with critical role in embryo implantation and pregnancy. The previous studies showed that that transvaginal endometrial perfusion with G-CSF might be helpful for improvement of implantation rate among patients with thin endometrium and repeated implantation failure (RIF). The aim of present study was to evaluate the impact of intrauterine injection of G-CSF in patients that suffering from unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM). Materials and Methods In present randomized clinical trial a total of 68 patients were randomly allocated into two study groups including intrauterine G-CSF(300μg, Filgrastim, Switzerland) injection and control group (no G-CSF injection).All patients were in I/O (Ovulation Induction) cycle. In G-CSF group, intrauterine injection of G-CSF was done twice in cycle. All enrolled patients were under 40 years old and had at least two times unexplained pregnancy loss. Pregnancy was evaluated by titer of βhCG, presence of gestational sac (implantation) was assessed by vaginal ultrasonography and finally clinical pregnancy was confirmed by detection of fetal heart rate (FHR). Results Eighteen out of 68 patients were excluded from the final analysis due to different reasons. No significant difference were observed between two study groups when we compared the rate of chemical pregnancy (26.1% vs. 29.6%, P=1.000), implantation (26.1% vs. 22.2%, Fisher’s exact test P=0.673), clinical pregnancy (17.4% vs. 11.1%, Fisher’s exact test P: 0.657) and abortion (8.7% vs. 18.5% Fisher’s exact test P=0.921). Conclusion In contrast to possible effect of G-CSF on improvement of implantation rate that revealed by some other studies, based on the result of present study we couldn’t suggest intrauterine injection of G-CSF for improvement of clinical pregnancy rate and reduce of abortion among patients with unexplained RM. Further molecular biology studies are needed to clarify the mechanism in which G-CSF affects the pregnancy process.