IRCT2016053128200N1 IRCT 2016-07-04 Vice Chancellor for research of Tehran University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences The effect of foot reflexology massage on pain and anxiety - The effect of foot reflexology massage on pain and anxiety of male patients after abdominal surgery 2015-11-22 anticipated 90 Complete https://irct.ir/trial/22929 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Single blinded, Placebo: Used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment, Other design features: Simple random. N/A Condition 1: pain. Condition 2: anxiety. Intervention 1: Intervention group: to relieve the pain of experimental group, foot reflexology massage is used and narcotic drugs as well if necessary. The intervention of experimental group includes foot reflexology massage which is done by the researcher after training and receiving the certification of reflexology performance from massage Art Institute of Iran. Foot reflexology massage is done without using cream or conditioner for 30 minutes (15 minutes per foot) in certain areas of abdominal surgery on foot. Then immediately after intervention, ten minutes later, and 24 hours later the intervention, the severity of pain and anxiety is measured. Intervention 2: Control group: for control group, analgesic drugs in necessary situations and usual care are done. There is no intervention in control group, but just in time parallel with the experimental group, its severity of pain and anxiety is measured. Intervention 3: Placebo group: for the placebo group, a simple massage on the foot is done and analgesic drugs as well if necessary. The severity of pain and anxiety of patients is measured immediately before the intervention. Then a 30 minute massage movements not the real massage runs in the sole of the patient's foot. These pressures are not on the surgical parts of the patient, then immediately, ten minutes and 24 hours after the end of the massage, the intensity of pain and anxiety is measured.