<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20160307026950N33</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2021-03-30</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Esfahan University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>The effect of Fentanyl injection and Valsalva maneuver on pain caused by Etomidate injection</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Comparison of the effectiveness of Fentanyl administration and Valsalva maneuver in relieving pain caused by Etomidate injection to induce general anesthesia</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2021-01-04</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>96</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/51292</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Double blinded, Placebo: Used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Prevention, Other design features: In this study, the two groups are compared in terms of intervention and the control group does not exist separately, Randomization description: Randomization is done by block method; If the number of patients in both groups is the same, the first patient enters one of the groups by lottery, then from the second patient, patients enter one of the groups one by one according to their arrival time, so that the sample size reaches the required number in each Reach the group, Blinding description: This is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial; Patients are explained that in order to reduce the pain caused by anesthesia injection, two interventions of Fentanyl injection and Valsalva maneuver are performed on them and depending on their group, only one of the interventions is performed completely, but patients are of the intervention type. The one who will be fully applied are unaware. Also, the person injecting the drug and the person recording the patient's symptoms are unaware of the type of intervention applied. The data is encrypted and therefore the analyzers are also blind.</study_design>
      <phase>3</phase>
      <hc_freetext>The pain caused by injection of Etomidate.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group A: In this group, patients first receive 2 cc of normal saline intravenously and after 3 minutes, perform the Valsalva maneuver by blowing in a plastic tube (where the hole is closed on the tube) for at least 26 seconds. At the end of the Valsalva maneuver, Etomidate injection is started. Intervention 2: Intervention group B: Patients in this group first receive Fentanyl at a dose of 2 micrograms per kilogram of body weight intravenously and 3 minutes later a plastic tube is placed in the patient's mouth and the patient blows into the tube (while the hole is inserted on Is open on the pipe). Etomidate injection is started after 26 seconds.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for indecision in sharing IPD is There is no more information</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Golshan Mazahery</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Hezar Jarib</address>
        <city>Isfahan</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>8146713543</zip>
        <telephone>+98 31 3620 2020</telephone>
        <email>www.g.mazaheri@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Esfahan University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Behzad Nazemoroaya</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Hezar Jarib</address>
        <city>Isfahan</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>8146713543</zip>
        <telephone>+98 31 3620 2020</telephone>
        <email>behzad_nazem@med.mui.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Esfahan University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Patients 18 to 65 years
Candidate for General Anesthesia
ASA Class I and II Anesthesia
Able to perform Valsalva maneuver</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>18 years</agemin>
      <agemax>65 years</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>History of mental, Cardiorespiratory and chronic pain disorders
Use of painkillers
History of allergy to Etomidate and Fentanyl
History of drug use</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>G89</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Pain, not elsewhere classified</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Prevention</i_code>
      <i_code>Prevention</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group A: In this group, patients first receive 2 cc of normal saline intravenously and after 3 minutes, perform the Valsalva maneuver by blowing in a plastic tube (where the hole is closed on the tube) for at least 26 seconds. At the end of the Valsalva maneuver, Etomidate injection is started.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group B: Patients in this group first receive Fentanyl at a dose of 2 micrograms per kilogram of body weight intravenously and 3 minutes later a plastic tube is placed in the patient's mouth and the patient blows into the tube (while the hole is inserted on Is open on the pipe). Etomidate injection is started after 26 seconds.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>The amount of pain caused by Etomidate injection. Timepoint: Before intervention, after intervention, immediately after injection and 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after injection of initial dose of Etomidate. Method of measurement: withdrawal response score.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Blood Pressure. Timepoint: Before intervention, after intervention, immediately after injection and 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after injection of initial dose of atomidite. Method of measurement: Manometer.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Heart Rate. Timepoint: Before intervention, after intervention, immediately after injection and 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after injection of initial dose of atomidite. Method of measurement: ECG.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Blood oxygen saturation. Timepoint: Before intervention, after intervention, immediately after injection and 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 15 minutes after injection of initial dose of atomidite. Method of measurement: Pulse Oximeter.</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Vice Chancellor for Research, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2020-08-22</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Committe for Ethics in Biomedical Research</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Hezar Jarib Isfahan Isfehan Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
