<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20130829014521N18</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2021-03-16</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>National Institute for Medical Research Development</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Trehalose and diabetes type 2</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Investigation of the effects of oral trehalose supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2021-06-22</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>40</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/54391</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Triple blinded, Placebo: Used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment, Randomization description: This study has been designed as a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled and parallel trial. Simple randomization for allocation and sealed envelope approach would be considered for concealed allocation, Blinding description: This study has been designed as triple-blind and persons including participants, care providers, investigators, and outcome assessors, keeping unaware of the treatment administered, moreover, drug and placebo vials have similar packaging and labeling.</study_design>
      <phase>2</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Type 2 diabetes.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group: Terhalose (natural disaccharide), 1.65 g twice a day (3.3 g/day) for 3 months, in opaque sachet form. Intervention 2: Control group: Sucrose, 1.65 g twice a day (3.3 g/day) for 3 months, in opaque sachet form.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>No - There is not a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for not sharing IPD is There is no further information</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Amirhossein Sahebkar</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>School of Pharmacy, East door of Ferdowsi University, Azadi Square, Mashhad</address>
        <city>Mashhad</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>9177899191</zip>
        <telephone>+98 51 1882 9260</telephone>
        <email>sahebkara@mums.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Mashhad University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Amirhossein Sahebkar</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>School of Pharmacy, East door of Ferdowsi University, Azadi Square, Mashhad</address>
        <city>Mashhad</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>9177899191</zip>
        <telephone>+98 51 1882 9260</telephone>
        <email>sahebkara@mums.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Mashhad University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Male or female patients aged between 35 and 85 years
Patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a stable condition.</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>35 years</agemin>
      <agemax>85 years</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Patients with type 1, type 2, or secondary diabetes receiving insulin therapy.
Patients with renal dysfunction (eGFR less than 30 ml/min).
Patients with severe liver dysfunction or cirrhosis.
Patients regularly receiving oral or injectable corticosteroids.
Patients who were pregnant or nursing or wished to conceive.
Patients participating in this study will be excluded from the study if they need insulin.
Patients who used α-Glucosidase Inhibitors such as acarbose will be excluded from the study.</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>E11. 9</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Type 2 diabetes mellitus</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Drugs</i_code>
      <i_code>Placebo</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Terhalose (natural disaccharide), 1.65 g twice a day (3.3 g/day) for 3 months, in opaque sachet form</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: Sucrose, 1.65 g twice a day (3.3 g/day) for 3 months, in opaque sachet form</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>HOMA-IR alterations. Timepoint: At the beginning and end of the intervention trial (Day 0 and week 12). Method of measurement: HOMA-IR = fasting insulin (microU/L) x fasting glucose (nmol/L)/22.5.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Timepoint: Baseline and week 12. Method of measurement: Enzymatic assay.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Fasting insulin. Timepoint: Baseline and week 12. Method of measurement: Immunoassay.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>HbA1c. Timepoint: Baseline and week 12. Method of measurement: chromatography.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>C peptide. Timepoint: Baseline and week 12. Method of measurement: Immunoassay.</sec_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Hs-CRP. Timepoint: Baseline and week 12. Method of measurement: Turbidimetric.</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>National Institute for Medical Research Development</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2020-11-18</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Ethics committee of National institute for medical research development</contact_name>
        <contact_address>No. 21, west Fatemi Ave, Besat Ave, Tehran Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
