<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20220920056007N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2022-12-06</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Kharazmi University</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Learning methods for bowling skills in children with autism</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Comparison of implicit learning methods such as errorless learning and analogical inference with the focus of external attention on retention and transfer of bowling skills in children with autism</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2023-01-28</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>8</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/66001</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: N/A, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Education/Guidance.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Autistic disorder.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention Group 1 (Analogical inference method + external focus of attention): In this study, to learn the method of analogical inference, first, a toy car will be used instead of a ball, and the path of the ball towards the pins will be built as a road. A cartoon character will be placed on the bowling pins, which the occupational therapist will do by stating that the toy car must hit the cartoon characters by crossing the road. In the next sessions, we will teach the subjects how to move their hands and feet using the fictional story of the cat and the fish. Intervention 2: Intervention Group 2 (Errorless Learning Method + External Focus of Attention): Participants will throw the ball at the bowling pins from a distance of 30 cm, then 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, and up to 1 meter.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Yes - There is a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>What will be shared:
The data related to the comparison of errorless learning and analogical inference with external focus of attention will be provided to the audience after the interventions.

When:
September 2023

To whom:
Professors and university students

Conditions:
This study is published in the form of a master's thesis

Where to obtain:
One should refer to the library of Kharazmi University

How to obtain:
Students go to the library of Kharazmi University and get the file from the librarian

Comments:
</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Mina Khodayari</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>KhU, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran</address>
        <city>Tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>1571914911</zip>
        <telephone>+98 21 8832 9220</telephone>
        <email>mina.khodayari2407@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Kharazmi University</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Dr. Rasoul Yaali</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>KhU, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran</address>
        <city>Tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>1571914911</zip>
        <telephone>+98 21 2222 6040</telephone>
        <email>r.yaali@khu.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Kharazmi University</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>The Edinburg Handedness Inventory is used to assess right-handedness
Not having vision and hearing problems
Absence of pathology in the upper and lower limbs
Having a consent form</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>5 years</agemin>
      <agemax>12 years</agemax>
      <gender>Male</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Inability to perform the pre-test
Unwilling to continue training
Any problem that the participants ran into that stopped them from doing the exercises</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>F84.0</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Autistic disorder</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
      <i_code>Rehabilitation</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention Group 1 (Analogical inference method + external focus of attention): In this study, to learn the method of analogical inference, first, a toy car will be used instead of a ball, and the path of the ball towards the pins will be built as a road. A cartoon character will be placed on the bowling pins, which the occupational therapist will do by stating that the toy car must hit the cartoon characters by crossing the road. In the next sessions, we will teach the subjects how to move their hands and feet using the fictional story of the cat and the fish</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention Group 2 (Errorless Learning Method + External Focus of Attention): Participants will throw the ball at the bowling pins from a distance of 30 cm, then 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, and up to 1 meter.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Retention of bowling ball throwing abilities. Timepoint: After the training interventions, it will be measured separately for each group. Method of measurement: After one week from the last intervention session, the ball throwing test will be taken, the score will be calculated based on the pins that fall on the ground due to the ball throwing, and the progress during the intervention sessions and trial will be measured.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Transferring bowling ball throwing skills. Timepoint: After the training interventions, it will be measured separately for each group. Method of measurement: Participants will be given a lighter ball than the one used in the intervention sessions and will throw the lighter ball at the bowling pins.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome></sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Kharazmi University</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2022-10-22</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Sport Sciences Research Institute</contact_name>
        <contact_address>No. 3, 5th Alley, Miremad Street, Motahhari Street, Tehran, Iran. Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
