<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20200423047173N2</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2023-06-16</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Artesh University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Investigating the effect of electrical stimulation of the lower back in preventing back pain.</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Development of a protocol for the prevention of back pain based on the use of electrical stimulation of the lumbar region.</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2023-06-22</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>100</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/70379</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Double blinded, Placebo: Used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Prevention, Randomization description: The participants, including individuals without back pain, were randomly divided into two groups using the coin flip technique. The first group received TENS current applied to the lower back, while the second group served as the control group and received sham TENS current. This protocol was conducted for a duration of two weeks, with each participant receiving ten sessions of TENS current in the lower back, Blinding description: In the current study, the clinical caregiver responsible for the patients and the individual conducting the clinical tests and interventions on the participants will be blinded to the study objectives. Additionally, the data analysis before and after the interventions will be performed by an independent person who is unaware of the study conditions.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Low back pain.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: In the intervention group, participants will receive conventional TENS current with a frequency of 100 Hz, a pulse duration of 50 microseconds, and an intensity up to the tolerance threshold for a duration of 45 minutes. Intervention 2: In the control group, participants will receive conventional TENS current with a frequency of 100 Hz, a pulse duration of 50 microseconds, and an intensity up to the tolerance threshold for a duration of 45 minutes. However, the intensity used in the control group will be significantly lower than the tolerance threshold.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for indecision in sharing IPD is There is no further information.</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Dr Hassan Tamartash</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Shahid Etemadzadeh Street, West Fatemi Street, Tehran, Iran</address>
        <city>tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>1411718541</zip>
        <telephone>+98 21 8609 6350</telephone>
        <email>mojtaba.tamartash@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Artesh University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Dr Hassan Tamartash</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Shahid Etemadzadeh Street, West Fatemi Street, Tehran, Iran</address>
        <city>tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>1411718541</zip>
        <telephone>+98 21 4432 2852</telephone>
        <email>mojtaba.tamartash@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Artesh University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>No history of back pain in the last 12 months
The minimum age to enter the study is 20 and the maximum is 50 years.
BMI index between 18-30.5 for all participants in the study.</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>20 years</agemin>
      <agemax>50 years</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>History of spine and lower limb surgery.
The presence of pastural disorders and major deformities in the spine such as scoliosis, kyphosis, etc.
Suffering and history of rheumatic diseases, infectious diseases, cardiovascular disorders, fibromyalgia, osteoporosis.
History of fracture in the spine or tumors of the spine and lower limbs.
Disorders of vestibular, vision and mental system.
Use of corticosteroid drugs and history of injections in the lower back area (oral administration or injection of steroids).
Carrying out intense physical activity during the study period, inability to perform tests, or unwillingness to continue tests.</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>M54.40</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Lumbago with sciatica, unspecified side</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Prevention</i_code>
      <i_code>Placebo</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>In the intervention group, participants will receive conventional TENS current with a frequency of 100 Hz, a pulse duration of 50 microseconds, and an intensity up to the tolerance threshold for a duration of 45 minutes.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>In the control group, participants will receive conventional TENS current with a frequency of 100 Hz, a pulse duration of 50 microseconds, and an intensity up to the tolerance threshold for a duration of 45 minutes. However, the intensity used in the control group will be significantly lower than the tolerance threshold.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Changes in the thickness of the lumbar fascia. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention, after the completion of the intervention sessions, two weeks after the end of the study. Method of measurement: Ultrasound device.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Changes in the angle of the back arch. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention, after the completion of the intervention sessions, two weeks after the end of the study. Method of measurement: Spinal mouse.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Maximum back bending angle. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention, after the completion of the intervention sessions, two weeks after the end of the study. Method of measurement: Flexible Ruler.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Checking the flexibility of the waist area. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention, after the completion of the intervention sessions, two weeks after the end of the study. Method of measurement: Sit &amp; reach test.</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Artesh University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2023-05-15</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Research ethics Committee of AJA University of Medical Sciences</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Shahid Etemadzadeh Street, West Fatemi Street, Tehran, Iran Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
