<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20100510003902N5</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2024-08-17</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Babol University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>The effect of chewing gum on the severity of labor pain</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>The effect of chewing gum on the severity of labor pain in primiparous women</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2021-05-01</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>116</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/78404</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment, Randomization description: Randomization method: Our sample size was 116 people, of which 58 people were placed in each group. The block random allocation method was designed by the project collaborator using Stata version 15 software. The number of considered blocks is 6.
The concealment process of random assignment (Concealment):
The list of random allocation of patients was only available to the collaborator of the project. In order to hide the random allocation process, the order of treatments was written on 116 cards based on the randomized list, and only the project associate was aware of the relevant coding. When the obstetrician and gynecologist announced the eligibility of a patient, the colleague will provide the plan for the type of interventions for the primiparous mother.
Blinding: Due to the treatment methods of the two groups, blinding is not possible and the design is open label. In order to analyze the data, a statistician who is separate from the study process and is unaware of all the performed processes was used.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Condition 1: Anxiety. Condition 2: labor pain.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group: Chewing gum was done three times in the active state (expansion of 3-5 cm), the second (expansion of 5-7 cm) and the third time of expansion of 8-10 cm) each stage of labor was performed for 20 minutes. Intervention 2: Control group: In the control group, routine prenatal care and emphasis on not using gum during labor.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for indecision in sharing IPD is There is no further information</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Farideh Mohsenzadh Ledari</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganj Afrooz St, Babol, Mazandaran</address>
        <city>Babol</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>4717647745</zip>
        <telephone>+98 11 3219 5323</telephone>
        <email>Mohsenzadh2008@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Babol University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Farideh Mohsenzadh Ledari</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganj Afrooz St, Babol, Mazandaran</address>
        <city>Babol</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>4717647745</zip>
        <telephone>+98 11 3219 5323</telephone>
        <email>Mohsenzadh2008@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Babol University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Primiparous women with a gestational age of 38-42 weeks based on LMP or ultrasound less than 26 weeks
Pregnant women whose labor started spontaneously
Live pregnancy
A singleton fetus
Having consent to enter the study
Pregnant women without any complications that may cause dystocia during childbirth.
Able to chew gum
Cephalic presentation</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>no limit</agemin>
      <agemax>no limit</agemax>
      <gender>Female</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Women with chronic diseases
vaginal bleeding
Abnormal heartbeat of the fetus
fetal abnormality
Use of anesthesia and anesthesia in the first stage of childbirth
Using other methods of childbirth analgesia
History of mental illness (depression and stress)
The recent death of a family member
A history of a problem in one of the person's relatives due to natural childbirth
drug use by the mother
mother of a professional athlete
Unwillingness to continue cooperation</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>Anxiety di</hc_code>
      <hc_code></hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>F41.9</hc_keyword>
      <hc_keyword></hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Other</i_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Other</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Chewing gum was done three times in the active state (expansion of 3-5 cm), the second (expansion of 5-7 cm) and the third time of expansion of 8-10 cm) each stage of labor was performed for 20 minutes.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: In the control group, routine prenatal care and emphasis on not using gum during labor</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Primary outcome: labor pain. Timepoint: before the start of the intervention, in the latent phase (3-4 cm), in the active phase (5-7 cm) and the transfer phase of the librarian (8-10 cm) after chewing the gum. Method of measurement: Form VAS for participants.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Anxiety. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention and after the end of the intervention. Method of measurement: Spielberger questionnaire.</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Babol University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2021-05-01</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Babol University of Medical Sciences (Biomedical Research Ethics Committee)</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Babol University of Medical Sciences, Ganj Afrooz St, Babol, Mazandaran Babol Mazandaran Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
