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IRCT20250208064687N1 IRCT 2025-04-16 University of Tehran The Effect of Perceptual-Motor Training and tDCS on Executive Function and Motor Skills in Children with ADHD Comparison of the Effectiveness of Perceptual-Motor Training and tDCS on Executive Functions and Motor Skills in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) 2025-04-20 anticipated 36 Complete https://irct.ir/trial/81926 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Prevention, Randomization description: Simple Randomization Using SPSS Software The following steps will be followed for simple randomization using SPSS software: First, a random variable will be created using the Transform > Compute Variable tool. This variable will be defined using the formula Trunc(RV.Uniform(0,1)*3)+1, which randomly assigns individuals to one of three groups (1, 2, or 3). The data will then be sorted based on this variable using the Data > Sort Cases tool. Finally, participants will be randomly divided into three groups: the control group (number 1) and two experimental groups (numbers 2 and 3). This method is a simple and transparent form of randomization, which will be used in the future for the implementation of the study. N/A Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Intervention 1: The study was conducted in accordance with the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tehran. The method of collecting data for the present study was fieldwork. Initially, written informed consent was obtained from the parents. Children also verbally expressed their willingness to participate in the study. Then, the participants were introduced to the objectives of the study and the scoring and implementation of the desired tests. Subsequently, the participants were randomly assigned to one of the tDCS stimulation group (1) and perceptual-motor training group (2). The present study included pre-test, intervention (practice), and post-test stages. Assessments were conducted before the start of the interventions and in the session after the interventions by another occupational therapist. This assessor was unaware of the objectives and content of the sessions during the study process, and after familiarization, in the pre-test stage, the Ulrich test (3rd edition) and the executive functions test (Stroop, Wisconsin, and N-back) were administered to the children in accordance with the existing guidelines, and then the parents completed the standard ADHD questionnaire. The intervention phase was conducted in 24 sessions. In the tDCS direct electrical stimulation group, participants received 24 sessions of 30-minute electrical stimulation of the DLPFC (F4-F3) and the primary motor cortex (M1) (C4-C3) (in this way, in anodic electrical stimulation, a direct current of 1.5 milliamperes is applied to the individual throughout the entire duration of the stimulation). The sessions were conducted 3 days a week. In the perceptual-motor training group, which was also conducted in 24 sessions of 45 minutes each session, 3 days a week, the participants performed the relevant exercises. The 10-20 International System was used to find the points. Immediately after the last session, the post-test phase was conducted in which the participants performed the desired tests. Intervention 2: Control group: Group 3 was the control group, which received no intervention. Intervention 3: Intervention group: Intervention group: Perceptual-motor exercises: The present study included pre-test, intervention (practice), and post-test phases. Assessments were conducted by another occupational therapist before the intervention and in the session after the intervention. The subjects were unaware of the concepts and content of the sessions during the study process, and after familiarization, in the pre-test phase, the Ulrich test (3rd edition) and the executive functions test (Stroop, Wisconsin, and N-back) were administered according to the existing instructions, and then the parents completed the standard attention deficit hyperactivity disorder questionnaire. The intervention phase consisted of 24 sessions. In the perceptual-motor exercises group, which was conducted in 24 sessions, each session lasting 45 minutes, 3 days a week, the participants performed the exercises. After the last session, the post-test phase was conducted in which the participants performed the desired tests. Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available Justification or reason for indecision in sharing IPD is It also depends on the opinions of other professors.
public Reza Shadfar
Gino Complex,Kamal Elmak Street, Pasdaran Street,
Sanandaj Iran (Islamic Republic of) 6617635413 +98 87 3328 9192 reza.shadfar@ut.ac.ir University of Tahran scientific Reza Shadfar
Zino Complex, Kamal-ol-Molk Street, Pasdaran Street
Sanandaj Iran (Islamic Republic of) 6617635413 +98 87 3328 9192 rezashadfar24@yahoo.co.uk University of Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) With ADHD Disorder 7 years 10 years Male Having Other Diseases and Disorders Range outside the age range of 7-10 years F90.0 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive type Behavior Behavior Behavior The study was conducted in accordance with the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tehran. The method of collecting data for the present study was fieldwork. Initially, written informed consent was obtained from the parents. Children also verbally expressed their willingness to participate in the study. Then, the participants were introduced to the objectives of the study and the scoring and implementation of the desired tests. Subsequently, the participants were randomly assigned to one of the tDCS stimulation group (1) and perceptual-motor training group (2). The present study included pre-test, intervention (practice), and post-test stages. Assessments were conducted before the start of the interventions and in the session after the interventions by another occupational therapist. This assessor was unaware of the objectives and content of the sessions during the study process, and after familiarization, in the pre-test stage, the Ulrich test (3rd edition) and the executive functions test (Stroop, Wisconsin, and N-back) were administered to the children in accordance with the existing guidelines, and then the parents completed the standard ADHD questionnaire. The intervention phase was conducted in 24 sessions. In the tDCS direct electrical stimulation group, participants received 24 sessions of 30-minute electrical stimulation of the DLPFC (F4-F3) and the primary motor cortex (M1) (C4-C3) (in this way, in anodic electrical stimulation, a direct current of 1.5 milliamperes is applied to the individual throughout the entire duration of the stimulation). The sessions were conducted 3 days a week. In the perceptual-motor training group, which was also conducted in 24 sessions of 45 minutes each session, 3 days a week, the participants performed the relevant exercises. The 10-20 International System was used to find the points. Immediately after the last session, the post-test phase was conducted in which the participants performed the desired tests. Control group: Group 3 was the control group, which received no intervention. Intervention group: Intervention group: Perceptual-motor exercises: The present study included pre-test, intervention (practice), and post-test phases. Assessments were conducted by another occupational therapist before the intervention and in the session after the intervention. The subjects were unaware of the concepts and content of the sessions during the study process, and after familiarization, in the pre-test phase, the Ulrich test (3rd edition) and the executive functions test (Stroop, Wisconsin, and N-back) were administered according to the existing instructions, and then the parents completed the standard attention deficit hyperactivity disorder questionnaire. The intervention phase consisted of 24 sessions. In the perceptual-motor exercises group, which was conducted in 24 sessions, each session lasting 45 minutes, 3 days a week, the participants performed the exercises. After the last session, the post-test phase was conducted in which the participants performed the desired tests. Motor skills. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: Ulrich Test (Third Edition). Working memory. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: N-Back Test. Cognitive flexibility. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: Wisconsin test. Response inhibition. Timepoint: Before the start of the intervention and after 8 weeks of intervention. Method of measurement: Stroop test. خود شخص مسول Approved 2024-07-30 Research Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch Pasdaran Street, Kamal Elmak Street, Gino Complex sanandaj Kurdistan Iran (Islamic Republic of)