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IRCT20250827067022N1 IRCT 2025-09-22 Kharazmi University Effect of scapula - focused and kinetic chain exercises in athletes with scapula dyskinesia Comparison the Effect of Scapula-Focused Exercises and Kinetic Chain Rehabilitation on Strength, proprioception, pain and disability on Athletes with Scapula Dyskinesia 2025-10-03 anticipated 45 Complete https://irct.ir/trial/86167 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Single blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment, Randomization description: Following the baseline examination, by using the method on the website http://randomizer.org participants are randomly assigned into the two experimental groups (neuromuscular training with an attentional focus), (therapeutic exercise), and control group. Simple randomization is used. Concealed allocation is performed using a computer generated block randomized table of numbers ( 1 and 2 for experimental groups and 3 for control group) created before the start of data collection by researcher who is not involved in the recruitment or treatment of patients. Then, the random numerical sequence is placed in sealed opaque envelope and processed with treatment according to the group assignment. A blinded outcome assessor who does not know the hypothesis and study methods, measures outcome at baseline and 8 weeks post-intervention, Blinding description: In this study, blinding will be carried out in a single-blind manner. This means that only the participants and outcome assessor will be unaware of the type of intervention and the group to which they have been allocated (experimental or control), while the main researchers will be aware of the allocation. To minimize bias, the allocation of participants to groups will be performed using a block randomization method by an individual independent from the data collection team. Participants will be informed that they are taking part in a comparative study, but details about the exact type of intervention and the differences between groups will not be disclosed. All interventions will be delivered under similar timing and environmental conditions so that no obvious differences are detectable by the participants. Additionally, participants will be asked to refrain from inquiring about the type of intervention or comparisons with the other group. Data collection will be carried out by a trained assessor who, as much as possible, will remain minimally informed about the final objectives and main hypotheses of the study, in order to reduce observer bias in outcome measurement. In case of circumstances where blinding may be compromised (such as direct questioning by a participant or specific side effects), such events will be documented and considered in the final analysis. N/A Scapula dyskinesia. Intervention 1: First Intervention group: The scapula-focused exercise protocol was implemented over 8 weeks with three 60-minute sessions per week. Each session included a 10-minute warm-up, the main exercise phase, and a 10-minute cool-down. The main phase consisted of 8 selected exercises designed to strengthen and stabilize key scapular muscles, including the serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius, and the rotator cuff. Each exercise was performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions, and progression was applied by gradually increasing the number of sets and repetitions to enhance shoulder strength, stability, and scapulohumeral rhythm in a structured manner. Intervention 2: Second Intervention group: The kinetic chain rehabilitation protocol was carried out over 8 weeks, with three 60-minute sessions per week. Each session consisted of a 10-minute dynamic warm-up, the main exercise phase, and a 10-minute cool-down. The main phase included 11 selected exercises designed to integrate the upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs through kinetic chain patterns. These exercises involved movements such as lunges with overhead press, diagonal chop and lift, push-up plus, single-leg squat with reach, and dynamic throwing or pulling tasks, aiming to simulate force transmission from the lower limbs to the shoulder girdle. Each exercise was initially performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions, with progression achieved by gradually increasing to 4 sets of 12 repetitions and then 5 sets of 10 repetitions. This structured progression was intended to enhance neuromuscular coordination, improve force transfer, and optimize functional performance in both daily and sport-related activities. Intervention 3: Control group: The control group will not receive any intervention during the 8 week training protocol comprises kinetic chain and scapula focused exercises and they will continue their daily routine basis. Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available Justification or reason for indecision in sharing IPD is No more available data
public Seyed Sadr-o-din Shoja-o-din
Center for Human Movement Sciences Kharazmi University Mirdamad, South Razan Street, Hesari Street, Keshvari Sport Complex
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1571914911 +98 21 2222 1008 sa_shojaedin@yahoo.com Kharazmi University scientific Seyed Sadr-o-din Shoja-o-din
Center for Human Movement Sciences Kharazmi University Mirdamad, South Razan Street, Hesari Street, Keshvari Sport Complex
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1571914911 +98 21 2222 1008 sa_shojaedin@yahoo.com Kharazmi University Iran (Islamic Republic of) Aged between 18 and 30 Being male with at least 3 years experience in overhead sports A positive Kibler lateral scapula side test performed by a physiotherapist Pain intensity of 3 to 7 on the Visual Analog Scale 18 years 30 years Male Lack of willingness or dissatisfaction of the individual to participate in or continue the test Abnormal body mass index History of trauma, fracture or shoulder joint dislocation Limited shoulder range of motion History of upper limb surgery in the past 2 years Presence of structural abnormalities in the shoulder or thoracic, such as kyphosis or scoliosis Presence of neurological or musculoskeletal diseases that cause movement limitations M25.819 Other specified joint disorders, unspecified shoulder Treatment - Other Treatment - Other N/A First Intervention group: The scapula-focused exercise protocol was implemented over 8 weeks with three 60-minute sessions per week. Each session included a 10-minute warm-up, the main exercise phase, and a 10-minute cool-down. The main phase consisted of 8 selected exercises designed to strengthen and stabilize key scapular muscles, including the serratus anterior, middle and lower trapezius, and the rotator cuff. Each exercise was performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions, and progression was applied by gradually increasing the number of sets and repetitions to enhance shoulder strength, stability, and scapulohumeral rhythm in a structured manner. Second Intervention group: The kinetic chain rehabilitation protocol was carried out over 8 weeks, with three 60-minute sessions per week. Each session consisted of a 10-minute dynamic warm-up, the main exercise phase, and a 10-minute cool-down. The main phase included 11 selected exercises designed to integrate the upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs through kinetic chain patterns. These exercises involved movements such as lunges with overhead press, diagonal chop and lift, push-up plus, single-leg squat with reach, and dynamic throwing or pulling tasks, aiming to simulate force transmission from the lower limbs to the shoulder girdle. Each exercise was initially performed in 3 sets of 10 repetitions, with progression achieved by gradually increasing to 4 sets of 12 repetitions and then 5 sets of 10 repetitions. This structured progression was intended to enhance neuromuscular coordination, improve force transfer, and optimize functional performance in both daily and sport-related activities. Control group: The control group will not receive any intervention during the 8 week training protocol comprises kinetic chain and scapula focused exercises and they will continue their daily routine basis. Pain. Timepoint: Pre-test( before the start of the study) and post-test(at the end of the study). Method of measurement: The pain variable was measured by a visual pain intensity scale. Disability. Timepoint: Pre-test (before the start of the study) and post-test (at the end of the study). Method of measurement: The DASH questionnaire was used to assess functional impairment in daily activities. Muscle strength. Timepoint: Pre-test (before the start of the study) and post-test (at the end of the study). Method of measurement: Shoulder muscle strength during internal and external rotation was assessed in a concentric–concentric mode using an isokinetic dynamometer under standardized laboratory conditions. Joint position sense. Timepoint: Pre-test (before the start of the study) and post-test (at the end of the study). Method of measurement: Active proprioception of the shoulder during internal and external rotation was measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. No governmental fund has been received for this study, and it is conducted by researchers. Approved 2025-06-25 Ethics committee of Kharazmi University Faculty of physical education; south razan; mirdamad;tehran Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)