<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20251122068081N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2025-12-16</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Iran University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Evaluation of the Effect of Lisdexamfetamine on Freezing of Gait in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Evaluation of the Effect of Lisdexamfetamine versus Placebo on the Severity and Frequency of Freezing of Gait (FOG) in the ON Phase in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2025-12-22</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>90</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/87911</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Single blinded, Placebo: Used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment, Randomization description: placebo group using block randomization with variable block sizes of 4 and 6 to ensure balanced allocation. Individual randomization will be applied, and stratified randomization based on baseline FOG severity (FOG score 10–20 vs. &gt;20) will be used to minimize imbalance between groups.The randomization sequence will be generated by an independent statistician using IBM SPSS. Allocation assignments will be placed in sealed, opaque, sequentially numbered envelopes, which will be opened by the study coordinator only after enrollment and consent.The medication and placebo will be prepared in identical packaging so that only the participant remains blinded to group allocation. Investigators and outcome assessors will be aware of the assigned intervention; therefore, the study will follow a single-blind (participant-blind) design, Blinding description: This study is designed as a single-blind (Single-Blind) trial, meaning that only the participants are unaware of their assignment to either the 4-aminopyridine or placebo group.
Participants: Blinded; the study drug and placebo are provided in identical packaging to prevent any discernible differences.
Principal investigator and treating physicians: Not blinded, due to the need for monitoring potential drug-related adverse effects.
Nurses, physiotherapists, and pharmacist: Not blinded; they are responsible for administering the study medication or patient care, but the allocation information is not disclosed to the participants.
Outcome assessors and data collectors: Not blinded, but they follow standardized protocols to minimize bias.
Data Safety and Monitoring Committee (DSMC): Not blinded, as they are responsible for reviewing patient safety.
Data analysts and manuscript writers: Analysts remain blinded until the completion of the analysis, with groups coded as A and B.</study_design>
      <phase>2-3</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Parkinson's disease.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group: Lisdexamfetamine 30 mg, taken once daily for 6 weeks. Intervention 2: Control group: placebo taken once daily for 6.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Yes - There is a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>What will be shared:
Information related to the primary outcome can be shared

When:
Access period starts 6 months after the publication of results

To whom:
Researchers affiliated with academic and scientific institutions

Conditions:
Use of data for completing clinical studies

Where to obtain:
Rasoul Akram Hospital

How to obtain:
Upon review of the researcher’s request and submission of sufficient documentation about their study and the rationale for using the data, access may be granted

Comments:
</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>neda sheikhinia</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Niayesh Street, Sattarkhan Street, Tehran, Iran</address>
        <city>Tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>1449614535</zip>
        <telephone>+98 21 6435 1000</telephone>
        <email>neda.sheikhinia@yahoo.com</email>
        <affiliation>Iran University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>neda sheikhinia</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Niayesh Street, Sattarkhan Street, Tehran, Iran</address>
        <city>Tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>1449614535</zip>
        <telephone>+98 21 6435 1000</telephone>
        <email>neda.sheikhinia@yahoo.com</email>
        <affiliation>Iran University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease confirmed by a movement disorders (Parkinson’s) fellowship.
History of freezing of gait episodes, with a baseline FOG score ≥ 10.
Age between 40 and 80 years
Stable treatment regimen with no medication changes within the past 1 month.
Receiving a stable dose of levodopa for the past 4 weeks.
Provision of written informed consent to participate in the study.</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>40 years</agemin>
      <agemax>80 years</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Severe psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
Severe cardiovascular diseases, including uncontrolled heart failure.
Use of other central nervous system stimulants
Severe cognitive impairment, defined as MMSE &lt; 24.
Development of severe adverse events requiring discontinuation of the study medication
History of hypersensitivity to psychostimulants.
Presence of comorbid conditions that may impair gait, such as stroke or significant osteoarthritis.</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>G20</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Parkinson's disease</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Drugs</i_code>
      <i_code>Placebo</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Lisdexamfetamine 30 mg, taken once daily for 6 weeks</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: placebo taken once daily for 6</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Severity of freezing of gait (FOG score) as measured by the FOG Questionnaire;. Timepoint: The FOG questionnaire will be completed at baseline and again 6 weeks after initiating the study medication. Method of measurement: FOG questioner.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome></sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Iran University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2025-10-13</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Ethics committee of iran University of Medical Sciences</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Niayesh Street, Sattarkhan Street, Tehran, Iran Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
