<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20260214068860N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2026-05-02</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Comparing two teaching methods for learning arterial blood gases analysis</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Comparing the Effectiveness of Microlearning and Flipped Classroom Approaches on Learning Arterial Blood Gas Analysis and Motivation of Anesthesia Students Based on Kirkpatrick's Model</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2026-05-04</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>50</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Recruiting</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/89151</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Not randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Education/Guidance.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Microlearning educational approach / Flipped classroom educational approach.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group 1: microlearning method. Over a 3‑week period, following each of the three weekly 2‑hour arterial blood gas analysis training sessions delivered in a lecture format, microlearning content will be provided to the participants in this group to reinforce the taught material. This content includes short videos and podcasts, usually less than 15 minutes, infographics, and brief online quizzes, which are delivered via interactive media and digital tools in the intervals between sessions until the next class. The educational content of the sessions includes instruction on arterial blood gas report parameters, the approach to analysis and diagnosis of acid–base disorders, and the principles of their treatment. Intervention 2: Intervention group 2: flipped classroom method; In this instructional approach, over a three‑week period, materials related to arterial blood gas analysis are provided to the students in the form of handouts and booklets one week before each of the three workshop sessions, so that they can study them before the class begins. The students then attend face‑to‑face sessions for 2 hours, during which they consolidate their knowledge through gamification and team‑based learning, while the instructor acts as a facilitator. The session content includes instruction on arterial blood gas report parameters, the approach to analysis and diagnosis of acid–base disorders, and the principles of their management.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for indecision in sharing IPD is No further information is available.</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Shaghayegh Miri</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>No. 17, Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi Alley, Ghods Street, Enqelab Street, Enqelab Square, Tehran, Iran</address>
        <city>Tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>14177-44361</zip>
        <telephone>+98 21 8898 3025</telephone>
        <email>Mirishaghayegh79@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Shaghayegh Miri</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>No. 17, Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi Alley, Ghods Street, Enqelab Street, Enqelab Square, Tehran, Iran</address>
        <city>Tehran</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>14177-44361</zip>
        <telephone>+98 21 8898 3025</telephone>
        <email>Mirishaghayegh79@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>B.Sc student of anesthesia.
Register for the arterial blood gas analysis workshop.
Willingness to participate in the study.</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>no limit</agemin>
      <agemax>no limit</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>participation in other workshops related to arterial blood gas interpretation in the past.</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>Z55</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Problems related to education and literacy</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>N/A</i_code>
      <i_code>N/A</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group 1: microlearning method. Over a 3‑week period, following each of the three weekly 2‑hour arterial blood gas analysis training sessions delivered in a lecture format, microlearning content will be provided to the participants in this group to reinforce the taught material. This content includes short videos and podcasts, usually less than 15 minutes, infographics, and brief online quizzes, which are delivered via interactive media and digital tools in the intervals between sessions until the next class. The educational content of the sessions includes instruction on arterial blood gas report parameters, the approach to analysis and diagnosis of acid–base disorders, and the principles of their treatment.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group 2: flipped classroom method; In this instructional approach, over a three‑week period, materials related to arterial blood gas analysis are provided to the students in the form of handouts and booklets one week before each of the three workshop sessions, so that they can study them before the class begins. The students then attend face‑to‑face sessions for 2 hours, during which they consolidate their knowledge through gamification and team‑based learning, while the instructor acts as a facilitator. The session content includes instruction on arterial blood gas report parameters, the approach to analysis and diagnosis of acid–base disorders, and the principles of their management.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Knowledge of arterial blood gas interpretation (Kirkpatrick level 2). Timepoint: Before the intervention and seven days after the intervention. Method of measurement: pre‑test and post‑test consist of 20 multiple‑choice questions.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Students’ satisfaction (Kirkpatrick level 1). Timepoint: Immediately after the intervention. Method of measurement: A researcher-made questionnaire.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Motivational strategies. Timepoint: Before the intervention, one week after the intervention, and three months after the intervention. Method of measurement: Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Change in students’ clinical behavior (Kirkpatrick level 3). Timepoint: 3 months after the end of the intervention. Method of measurement: Evaluation by the examiner at the clinical setting using a patient arterial blood gas test sheet.</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2025-06-29</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Ethics Committee of Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,</contact_name>
        <contact_address>School of Public Health, Poursina St., Qods St., Enghelab Ave. Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
