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IRCT20260511069346N1 IRCT 2026-06-03 Bagheiat-allah University of Medical Sciences Comparison of two types of exercises on knee pain in military personnel PFPS Comparison of Feedback-Based and Dual-Task Training on Lower Limb Biomechanics inMilitary Personnel with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome 2026-05-12 anticipated 44 Complete https://irct.ir/trial/90059 interventional Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Treatment, Randomization description: Participants are assigned to two feedback and dual-task groups using a Random Number Generator. Coding and maintenance of the random list is performed by an independent person to reduce the possibility of bias. N/A Patellofemoral pain syndrome. Intervention 1: Feedback-Based Training: Feedback training is a neuromuscular intervention that uses real-time visual, auditory, or combined feedback to correct abnormal movement patterns. In individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, this approach aims to reduce dynamic knee valgus, improve hip and knee joint control, and optimize mechanical load distribution across the patellofemoral joint. During the intervention, participants perform functional movements such as squats, stair ascent, and stair descent while receiving immediate feedback to correct lower-limb alignment and movement quality.The equipment used in this intervention includes a full-length mirror for visual feedback, an interactive video projector to display correct movement patterns, a Kinect camera for real-time motion capture and display, and Kinovea software for biomechanical motion analysis. Additional training equipment includes resistance bands (TheraBand), light ankle weights ranging from 0.5 to 2 kg, adjustable aerobic steps, exercise mats, and balance foam pads.The intervention program lasts for six weeks and consists of three sessions per week, for a total of 18 sessions. Each session lasts approximately 45 minutes. Before the intervention begins, participants attend a 60-minute introductory session that includes explanation of the study objectives, instruction on proper exercise execution, familiarization with the feedback devices, practice of basic movements, and education regarding pain-monitoring and exercise termination criteria.Each training session begins with a 5–7 minute warm-up consisting of light walking, hip-knee-ankle mobility exercises, and dynamic stretching of the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles. The main training section lasts approximately 30 minutes and includes exercises such as mini squats, wall squats, step-ups, step-downs, single-leg squats, and sit-to-stand tasks. While performing these exercises, participants observe their knee and hip alignment in the mirror, receive verbal corrections from the therapist, and in selected sessions view live movement feedback through the Kinect system.Training initially starts with 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 30–60 seconds of rest between sets. Exercises are performed within a pain-free or minimally painful range (VAS < 3). As participants progress, repetitions are increased to 15–20, resistance bands are added, squat depth is increased, and some exercises are performed on unstable surfaces.Visual feedback is provided through direct observation of lower-limb alignment in the mirror and through movement-angle analysis using Kinovea software. Auditory feedback is provided by the therapist using verbal cues such as “keep the knee aligned,” “stabilize the pelvis,” and “distribute your weight evenly.” Throughout the intervention, faded feedback principles are applied. In the early sessions, feedback is provided continuously, but over time the amount of verbal correction is gradually reduced to encourage self-monitoring and automatic motor control. Intervention 2: Dual-Task Training: Dual-task training is a rehabilitation approach in which participants simultaneously perform a motor task and a cognitive task. This intervention is designed to improve cognitive-motor integration, postural control, and movement automaticity during functional activities. In individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, impaired motor control and increased attentional demands may contribute to pain and functional instability. Therefore, dual-task exercises are used to improve movement performance under conditions that more closely resemble daily-life activities.The equipment used for this intervention includes an interactive video projector, a Kinect motion sensor, balance boards, foam balance pads, cones and movement markers, a digital timer, cognitive-task presentation software, and speakers for auditory instructions.The intervention lasts for six weeks with three sessions per week, resulting in a total of 18 sessions. Each session lasts approximately 45 minutes. Prior to the intervention, participants attend a 60-minute familiarization session in which they are introduced to the basic motor exercises, cognitive tasks, and the Kinect and projector systems.Each session begins with a 5–7 minute warm-up including light walking, simple balance activities, and dynamic stretching exercises. The main training component lasts approximately 30 minutes and combines motor and cognitive activities simultaneously.Motor tasks include line walking, single-leg standing, controlled squatting, weight-shifting activities, and exercises performed on unstable surfaces. Cognitive tasks performed concurrently include backward counting, color naming, responding to visual stimuli, solving simple arithmetic problems, and short-term memory exercises such as number repetition.Training initially begins with 3 sets of 1-minute dual-task exercises with 30–60 seconds of rest between sets. As participants improve, the duration of the exercises is increased to 2–3 minutes, cognitive-task complexity is progressively increased, unstable surfaces are introduced, and additional visual or auditory stimuli are added to increase attentional demands.Throughout the intervention, pain intensity and fatigue are continuously monitored. Exercises are stopped if participants experience excessive pain or discomfort, and all activities are performed within a tolerable and safe movement range under therapist supervision. Yes - There is a plan to make this available What will be shared: All documentation will be published in the form of a research article published in a reputable journal. When: After printing the article To whom: Universities and researchers Conditions: Use for citation or review article Where to obtain: Website of the publication that published the article How to obtain: The application must be official to the Vice Chancellor for Research of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences. Comments:
public Hossein Shirvani
Sheykh Bahayi st, Mollasadra st, Vanak sq.
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) 1435915381 +98 21 8804 0060 shirvani.h2006@gmail.com Bagheiat-allah University of Medical Sciences scientific Hossein Shirvani
Sheykh Bahayi st, Mollasadra st, Vanak sq.
Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of) 14359 15371 +98 21 8755 5000 shirvani.h2006@gmail.com Bagheiat-allah University of Medical Sciences Iran (Islamic Republic of) Clinical diagnosis of PFPS by a specialist based on MRI Ability to perform basic independent activities (with or without assistive devices such as canes) Absence of severe neurological diseases (such as stroke or Parkinson's) or other musculoskeletal problems (such as severe knee osteoarthritis) that would interfere with the intervention No history of knee surgery in the past 6 months. 20 years 35 years Male Presence of severe neurological disorders such as stroke or Parkinson’s disease Presence of musculoskeletal disorders affecting knee function, such as severe knee osteoarthritis History of knee surgery within the past 6 months Medical contraindication to participation in exercise or rehabilitation interventions Inability to perform basic independent activities, even with assistive devices Lack of confirmed diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) based on MRI and specialist evaluation M22.2 Patellofemoral disorders Rehabilitation Rehabilitation Feedback-Based Training: Feedback training is a neuromuscular intervention that uses real-time visual, auditory, or combined feedback to correct abnormal movement patterns. In individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, this approach aims to reduce dynamic knee valgus, improve hip and knee joint control, and optimize mechanical load distribution across the patellofemoral joint. During the intervention, participants perform functional movements such as squats, stair ascent, and stair descent while receiving immediate feedback to correct lower-limb alignment and movement quality.The equipment used in this intervention includes a full-length mirror for visual feedback, an interactive video projector to display correct movement patterns, a Kinect camera for real-time motion capture and display, and Kinovea software for biomechanical motion analysis. Additional training equipment includes resistance bands (TheraBand), light ankle weights ranging from 0.5 to 2 kg, adjustable aerobic steps, exercise mats, and balance foam pads.The intervention program lasts for six weeks and consists of three sessions per week, for a total of 18 sessions. Each session lasts approximately 45 minutes. Before the intervention begins, participants attend a 60-minute introductory session that includes explanation of the study objectives, instruction on proper exercise execution, familiarization with the feedback devices, practice of basic movements, and education regarding pain-monitoring and exercise termination criteria.Each training session begins with a 5–7 minute warm-up consisting of light walking, hip-knee-ankle mobility exercises, and dynamic stretching of the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles. The main training section lasts approximately 30 minutes and includes exercises such as mini squats, wall squats, step-ups, step-downs, single-leg squats, and sit-to-stand tasks. While performing these exercises, participants observe their knee and hip alignment in the mirror, receive verbal corrections from the therapist, and in selected sessions view live movement feedback through the Kinect system.Training initially starts with 3 sets of 10 repetitions with 30–60 seconds of rest between sets. Exercises are performed within a pain-free or minimally painful range (VAS < 3). As participants progress, repetitions are increased to 15–20, resistance bands are added, squat depth is increased, and some exercises are performed on unstable surfaces.Visual feedback is provided through direct observation of lower-limb alignment in the mirror and through movement-angle analysis using Kinovea software. Auditory feedback is provided by the therapist using verbal cues such as “keep the knee aligned,” “stabilize the pelvis,” and “distribute your weight evenly.” Throughout the intervention, faded feedback principles are applied. In the early sessions, feedback is provided continuously, but over time the amount of verbal correction is gradually reduced to encourage self-monitoring and automatic motor control. Dual-Task Training: Dual-task training is a rehabilitation approach in which participants simultaneously perform a motor task and a cognitive task. This intervention is designed to improve cognitive-motor integration, postural control, and movement automaticity during functional activities. In individuals with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome, impaired motor control and increased attentional demands may contribute to pain and functional instability. Therefore, dual-task exercises are used to improve movement performance under conditions that more closely resemble daily-life activities.The equipment used for this intervention includes an interactive video projector, a Kinect motion sensor, balance boards, foam balance pads, cones and movement markers, a digital timer, cognitive-task presentation software, and speakers for auditory instructions.The intervention lasts for six weeks with three sessions per week, resulting in a total of 18 sessions. Each session lasts approximately 45 minutes. Prior to the intervention, participants attend a 60-minute familiarization session in which they are introduced to the basic motor exercises, cognitive tasks, and the Kinect and projector systems.Each session begins with a 5–7 minute warm-up including light walking, simple balance activities, and dynamic stretching exercises. The main training component lasts approximately 30 minutes and combines motor and cognitive activities simultaneously.Motor tasks include line walking, single-leg standing, controlled squatting, weight-shifting activities, and exercises performed on unstable surfaces. Cognitive tasks performed concurrently include backward counting, color naming, responding to visual stimuli, solving simple arithmetic problems, and short-term memory exercises such as number repetition.Training initially begins with 3 sets of 1-minute dual-task exercises with 30–60 seconds of rest between sets. As participants improve, the duration of the exercises is increased to 2–3 minutes, cognitive-task complexity is progressively increased, unstable surfaces are introduced, and additional visual or auditory stimuli are added to increase attentional demands.Throughout the intervention, pain intensity and fatigue are continuously monitored. Exercises are stopped if participants experience excessive pain or discomfort, and all activities are performed within a tolerable and safe movement range under therapist supervision. Pain by visual analog scale. Timepoint: 6 week. Method of measurement: VAS Questionnaire. Bagheiat-allah University of Medical Sciences Approved 2026-02-02 Research Ethics Committees of Baqiyatullah Hospital Sheykh Bahayi st., Mollasadra st., Vanak Sq., Tehran Tehran Iran (Islamic Republic of)