<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20260910071001N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2026-10-17</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Kerman University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Effect of Concept Map-Based Instruction on Learning and Critical Thinking in Undergraduate Forensic Dentistry Education</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Effect of Concept Map-Based Instruction on Learning and Critical Thinking in Undergraduate Forensic Dentistry Education</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2018-03-21</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>42</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/93247</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Other, Purpose: Education/Guidance, Other design features: This prospective quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted among 42 fifth-year dental students enrolled in a compulsory forensic dentistry course. Participants were randomly allocated to either a concept map-based instruction group (n = 21) or a conventional lecture-based teaching group (n = 21). Both groups received identical educational content over two instructional sessions delivered by the same instructor. Knowledge was assessed using a validated researcher-developed 12-item multiple-choice examination, and critical-thinking skills were measured using the Persian version of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test before and after the intervention. Between-group and within-group comparisons were performed using independent- and paired-samples t-tests, Randomization description: A total of 42 fifth-semester dental students currently taking the forensic dentistry course were included in the study via a census approach; they were assigned to either a control group or an intervention group. Given the limited number of students, all eligible dental students were recruited using purposive sampling; although random assignment to groups was employed, the study deviated from true randomization and assumed a quasi-experimental design.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Forensic Dentistry Education.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group: Concept map-based instruction in the forensic dentistry course. The course content was reviewed and organized into scenarios, and concept maps were developed following analysis of the content and presented during two instructional sessions. Intervention 2: Control group: Conventional instruction in the forensic dentistry course using lectures and PowerPoint presentations.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>No - There is not a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for not sharing IPD is Due to the need to protect participants’ confidentiality and privacy, and considering the educational nature of the study, there is no plan to make individual participant data (IPD) publicly available.</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Esmat Nouhi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Rezvan 17</address>
        <city>Kerman</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>987654321</zip>
        <telephone>+98 34 3226 8056</telephone>
        <email>m.moosanejad@kmu.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Kerman University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Esmat Nouhi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Rezvan 17</address>
        <city>Kerman</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>987654321</zip>
        <telephone>+98 34 3226 8056</telephone>
        <email>m.moosanejad@kmu.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Kerman University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Fifth-semester dental students
 who were willing to participate in the study
No prior training in the concept map-based teaching method.</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>no limit</agemin>
      <agemax>no limit</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>There was one absence during the forensic dentistry training course.</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code></hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword></hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Other</i_code>
      <i_code>Other</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Concept map-based instruction in the forensic dentistry course. The course content was reviewed and organized into scenarios, and concept maps were developed following analysis of the content and presented during two instructional sessions.</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: Conventional instruction in the forensic dentistry course using lectures and PowerPoint presentations.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Students’ learning score in forensic dentistry course content. Timepoint: Before the intervention and immediately after the intervention. Method of measurement: Measured using a 12-item written test designed to assess learning; each correct answer was scored 1 point and each incorrect answer 0 points, and the total number of correct responses was calculated as the learning score.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Students’ critical thinking score. Timepoint: Before the intervention and immediately after the intervention. Method of measurement: Measured using the California Critical Thinking questionnaire.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome></sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Kerman University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2019-02-18</approval_date>
        <contact_name>Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences</contact_name>
        <contact_address>University of Medical Sciences Campus, beginning of Haft-Bagh-e Alavi Boulevard, Kerman Kerman Kerman Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
