<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20151013024509N6</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2026-10-31</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Yazd University of Medical Sciences</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>Comparison of digital flashcard and lecture teaching on dental students learning</public_title>
      <acronym></acronym>
      <scientific_title>Comparison of the effectiveness of digital flashcards and lecture-based teaching on learning and retention among dental students in periodontitis diagnosis</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2026-10-17</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>50</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Recruiting</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/94093</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Parallel, Purpose: Education/Guidance, Randomization description: Students are allocated in a 1:1 ratio into two groups of 25 participants each (the digital flashcard intervention group and the traditional lecture control group) using block randomization. To control for confounding variables, baseline characteristics including age, gender, overall GPA, and admission quota type are matched between the two groups.</study_design>
      <phase>N/A</phase>
      <hc_freetext>Periodontitis (Educational Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases).</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group: Receiving a software containing 20 interactive flashcards on periodontitis diagnosis, reviewed for 15 minutes daily over 3 days (total 45 minutes). Intervention 2: Control group: Traditional lecture-based teaching on periodontitis diagnosis through a 45-minute lecture with PowerPoint slides and no supplementary digital content.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Undecided - It is not yet known if there will be a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>Justification or reason for indecision in sharing IPD is There is no more information.</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Amirhossein Ghaemi Bafghi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>imam reza bulvar,School of Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, Yazd</address>
        <city>Yazd</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>894815667</zip>
        <telephone>+98 35 3625 5881</telephone>
        <email>ah.ghaemi2@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Yazd University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Dr. Fahimeh Rashidi Meybodi</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>imam reza bulvar,School of Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, Yazd</address>
        <city>Yazd</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>894815667</zip>
        <telephone>+98 35 3625 5880</telephone>
        <email>f-rashidi63@ssu.ac.ir</email>
        <affiliation>Yazd University of Medical Sciences</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Expressing readiness and willingness for active participation in the educational process
Having sufficient motivation to participate in the study
Being enrolled as a general dentistry student and currently passing the Periodontics (1) course</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>no limit</agemin>
      <agemax>no limit</agemax>
      <gender>Both</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Having prior experience of using digital programs or flashcards to prevent prior exposure bias
Using an auxiliary study method other than standard lecture handouts and PowerPoint slides as a routine method</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code></hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword></hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Behavior</i_code>
      <i_code>Behavior</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Receiving a software containing 20 interactive flashcards on periodontitis diagnosis, reviewed for 15 minutes daily over 3 days (total 45 minutes).</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: Traditional lecture-based teaching on periodontitis diagnosis through a 45-minute lecture with PowerPoint slides and no supplementary digital content.</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Initial learning score immediately after education in periodontitis diagnosis. Timepoint: Immediately after the educational interventions. Method of measurement: A standard 10-item multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ) designed by an expert panel, scored from 0 to 10.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>One-month long-term retention score in periodontitis diagnosis. Timepoint: Four weeks (one month) after the completion of the educational intervention. Method of measurement: Repetition of the same standard 10-item multiple-choice questionnaire (MCQ), scored from 0 to 10.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome>Satisfaction level of dental students with the applied teaching method. Timepoint: After the completion of the educational intervention and the initial learning testز. Method of measurement: A 5-item evaluation survey questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale (ranging from 1: strongly disagree to 5: strongly agree).</sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>Yazd University of Medical Sciences</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2026-04-18</approval_date>
        <contact_name>•Ethics committee of shahid sadooghi Yazd University of Medical Sciences</contact_name>
        <contact_address>imam reza bulvar,School of Dentistry, University of Medical Sciences, Yazd Yazd Yazd Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
