<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE trials [
<!ELEMENT trials (trial+)>

<!ELEMENT trial (main,contacts,countries,criteria,health_condition_code,health_condition_keyword,intervention_code,
          intervention_keyword,primary_outcome,secondary_outcome,secondary_sponsor,secondary_ids,source_support,ethics_reviews)>

<!ELEMENT main (trial_id,utrn?,reg_name,date_registration,primary_sponsor,public_title,acronym?,scientific_title,scientific_acronym?,
          date_enrolment,type_enrolment,target_size,recruitment_status,url?,study_type,study_design,phase,hc_freetext?,i_freetext?,results_actual_enrolment,results_date_completed,results_url_link,results_summary,           results_date_posted,results_date_first_publication,results_baseline_char,results_participant_flow,results_adverse_events,results_outcome_measures,results_url_protocol,results_IPD_plan, results_IPD_description)>
<!ELEMENT trial_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT utrn (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT reg_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_registration (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT primary_sponsor (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT public_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_title (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT scientific_acronym (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT date_enrolment (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT type_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT target_size (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT recruitment_status (#PCDATA)><!-- Pending,Recruiting,Suspended,Complete,Other -->
<!ELEMENT url (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT study_type (#PCDATA)><!-- interventional,observational -->
<!ELEMENT study_design (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT phase (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT hc_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT i_freetext (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_actual_enrolment (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_completed (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_url_link (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_summary (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_date_posted (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_date_first_publication (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT results_baseline_char (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_participant_flow (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_adverse_events (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_outcome_measures (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_url_protocol (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_plan (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT results_IPD_description (#PCDATA)>


<!ELEMENT contacts (contact+)>
<!ELEMENT contact (type,firstname,middlename,lastname,address,city,country1,zip,telephone,email,affiliation)>
<!ELEMENT type (#PCDATA)><!-- Public,Scientific -->
<!ELEMENT firstname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT middlename (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT lastname (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT city (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT country1 (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT zip (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT telephone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT email (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT affiliation (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT countries (country2+)>
<!ELEMENT country2 (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT criteria (inclusion_criteria,agemin,agemax,gender,exclusion_criteria)>
<!ELEMENT inclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemin (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT agemax (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT gender (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT exclusion_criteria (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_code (hc_code+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT health_condition_keyword (hc_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT hc_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_code (i_code+)>
<!ELEMENT i_code (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT intervention_keyword (i_keyword+)>
<!ELEMENT i_keyword (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT primary_outcome (prim_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT prim_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_outcome (sec_outcome+)>
<!ELEMENT sec_outcome (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_sponsor (sponsor_name+)>
<!ELEMENT sponsor_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT secondary_ids (secondary_id+)>
<!ELEMENT secondary_id (sec_id,issuing_authority)>
<!ELEMENT sec_id (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT issuing_authority (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT source_support (source_name+)>
<!ELEMENT source_name (#PCDATA)>

<!ELEMENT ethics_reviews (ethics_review+)>
<!ELEMENT ethics_review (status,approval_date,contact_name,contact_address,contact_phone,contact_email)>
<!ELEMENT status (#PCDATA)><!-- Not approved,Approved,NA -->
<!ELEMENT approval_date (#PCDATA)><!-- dd/mm/yyyy -->
<!ELEMENT contact_name (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_address (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_phone (#PCDATA)>
<!ELEMENT contact_email (#PCDATA)>
]>
<trials>
  <trial>
    <main>
      <trial_id>IRCT20261018071471N1</trial_id>
      <utrn></utrn>
      <reg_name>IRCT</reg_name>
      <date_registration>2026-10-19</date_registration>
      <primary_sponsor>Islamic Azad University</primary_sponsor>
      <public_title>The Effects of Opium Tincture Administered Through a Stepwise Gradual Reduction Method and Methadone on Sexual Function</public_title>
      <acronym>DST,MMT</acronym>
      <scientific_title>Divergent Effects of Opium Tincture Step-down Tapering (DST) versus Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) on Sexual Function in Men with Opium Use Disorder: Evidence from a Comparative Trial</scientific_title>
      <scientific_acronym></scientific_acronym>
      <date_enrolment>2026-01-24</date_enrolment>
      <type_enrolment>anticipated</type_enrolment>
      <target_size>70</target_size>
      <recruitment_status>Complete</recruitment_status>
      <url>https://irct.ir/trial/94187</url>
      <study_type>interventional</study_type>
      <study_design>Randomization: Randomized, Blinding: Not blinded, Placebo: Not used, Assignment: Factorial, Purpose: Treatment, Randomization description: Randomization Method: Simple randomization. Four study groups were formed, and the four study conditions, including gradual stepwise treatment (DST), cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), and the control condition, were subsequently assigned to the groups by lottery.

Randomization Unit: Study group.

Randomization Tool: Lottery using paper slips bearing the names of the treatment conditions and the control condition.

Random Sequence Generation: After the four participant groups had been formed, the names of the four study conditions, namely gradual stepwise treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, methadone maintenance treatment, and the control condition, were written on separate paper slips. Each condition was then assigned to one of the four groups through a lottery-based procedure.

Allocation Concealment: In this study, the treatment conditions were allocated to the groups through a lottery-based procedure. No separate procedure for allocation concealment was implemented apart from the lottery process.</study_design>
      <phase>3</phase>
      <hc_freetext>opioid sexual dysfunction.</hc_freetext>
      <i_freetext>Intervention 1: Intervention group: Gradual Stepwise Reduction. Intervention 2: Intervention group: Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT). Intervention 3: Intervention group: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Intervention 4: Control group: control.</i_freetext>
      <results_actual_enrolment></results_actual_enrolment>
      <results_date_completed></results_date_completed>
      <results_url_link></results_url_link>
      <results_summary></results_summary>
      <results_date_posted></results_date_posted>
      <results_date_first_publication></results_date_first_publication>
      <results_baseline_char></results_baseline_char>
      <results_participant_flow></results_participant_flow>
      <results_adverse_events></results_adverse_events>
      <results_outcome_measures></results_outcome_measures>
      <results_url_protocol></results_url_protocol>
      <results_IPD_plan>Yes - There is a plan to make this available</results_IPD_plan>
      <results_IPD_description>What will be shared:
The data are recorded in written form on paper.

When:
Access will begin six months after publication.

To whom:
Researchers employed at academic and scientific institutions.

Conditions:
There are no other specific conditions

Where to obtain:
l.shabani.156@gmail.com

How to obtain:
Please contact us only via email.

Comments:
</results_IPD_description>
    </main>
    <contacts>
      <contact>
        <type>public</type>
        <firstname>Dr.Ali.Shaker</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran</address>
        <city>Urmia</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>۵۷۱۶۹-۶۳۸۹۶</zip>
        <telephone>+98 44 3344 0094</telephone>
        <email>Ali.shaker2000@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Islamic Azad University</affiliation>
      </contact>
      <contact>
        <type>scientific</type>
        <firstname>Ali Skaker Dolgh</firstname>
        <middlename></middlename>
        <lastname></lastname>
        <address>Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran</address>
        <city>Urmia</city>
        <country1>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country1>
        <zip>۵۷۱۶۹۶۳۸۹۶</zip>
        <telephone>+98 44 3344 0094</telephone>
        <email>Ali.shaker2000@gmail.com</email>
        <affiliation>Islamic Azad University</affiliation>
      </contact>
    </contacts>
    <countries>
      <country2>Iran (Islamic Republic of)</country2>
    </countries>
    <criteria>
      <inclusion_criteria>Opium dependence diagnosed through a clinical interview in accordance with the DSM-5-TR criteria
male gender
being married
absence of severe psychotic disorders or cognitive impairment
no history of simultaneous participation in other similar treatment programs
provision of informed consent and commitment to regular attendance
o use of pharmaceutical medications outside the assigned treatment protocol</inclusion_criteria>
      <agemin>20 years</agemin>
      <agemax>65 years</agemax>
      <gender>Male</gender>
      <exclusion_criteria>Severe psychotic disorders or cognitive impairment
a history of concurrent participation in other similar treatment programs
use of pharmaceutical medications outside the assigned treatment protocol</exclusion_criteria>
    </criteria>
    <health_condition_code>
      <hc_code>F11.181</hc_code>
    </health_condition_code>
    <health_condition_keyword>
      <hc_keyword>Opioid abuse with opioid-induced sexual dysfunction</hc_keyword>
    </health_condition_keyword>
    <intervention_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Drugs</i_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Drugs</i_code>
      <i_code>Treatment - Drugs</i_code>
      <i_code>Other</i_code>
    </intervention_code>
    <intervention_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Gradual Stepwise Reduction</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT)</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Intervention group: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)</i_keyword>
      <i_keyword>Control group: control</i_keyword>
    </intervention_keyword>
    <primary_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Total score on the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale (SOCRATES), comprising 19 items and three subscales: Recognition, Ambivalence, and Taking Steps. Responses are rated on a five-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicate greater readiness to change addictive behaviors. Timepoint: Three assessments: baseline (before the intervention), post-test (immediately after completion of the three-month treatment period), and follow-up (at a specified interval after treatment completion). Method of measurement: Self-report questionnaire completed by the participant in the presence of the researcher/therapist.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Total score on the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), comprising 15 self-report items across five domains: erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction. Total scores range from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating better sexual functioning. Timepoint: Three assessments: baseline (before the intervention), post-test (immediately after completion of the three-month treatment period), and follow-up (at a specified interval after treatment completion). Method of measurement: Self-report questionnaire completed by the participant in the presence of the researcher/therapist.</prim_outcome>
      <prim_outcome>Total score on the Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), comprising 13 self-report items. Total scores range from 13 to 65, with higher scores indicating greater self-control/behavioral self-regulation. Timepoint: Three assessments: baseline (before the intervention), post-test (immediately after completion of the three-month treatment period), and follow-up (at a specified interval after treatment completion). Method of measurement: Self-report questionnaire completed by the participant in the presence of the researcher/therapist.</prim_outcome>
    </primary_outcome>
    <secondary_outcome>
      <sec_outcome></sec_outcome>
    </secondary_outcome>
    <secondary_sponsor>
      <sponsor_name></sponsor_name>
    </secondary_sponsor>
    <secondary_ids>
      <secondary_id>
        <sec_id></sec_id>
        <issuing_authority></issuing_authority>
      </secondary_id>
    </secondary_ids>
    <source_support>
      <source_name>I had no source of funding.</source_name>
    </source_support>
    <ethics_reviews>
      <ethics_review>
        <status>Approved</status>
        <approval_date>2026-04-21</approval_date>
        <contact_name>The Respected Ethics Committee of the Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch</contact_name>
        <contact_address>Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran Urmia West Azarbaijan Iran (Islamic Republic of)</contact_address>
        <contact_phone></contact_phone>
        <contact_email></contact_email>
      </ethics_review>
    </ethics_reviews>
  </trial>
</trials>
