The effect of low Trans Fatty Acid content diet on adverse pregnancy outcomes

Effect of low trans‑fatty acid intakes during pregnancy on adverse pregnancy outcomes

A randomized controlled clinical trial with an intervention group, without blinding, on 800 pregnant women. Latin randomization and Excel software were used for randomization. The intervention group with the received food pattern with the content of trans fatty acids less than 1% and the control group with the received food pattern without change in the content of trans fatty acids.

This clinical trial study was performed in health centers affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. For pregnant women in intervention group was designed to have a trans fatty acid intake of less than 1%, but this change was not observed in the diet of pregnant women in the control group. No blinding was performed in this study.

Inclusion criteria: Pregnant women with normal pregnancy and gestational age less than 8 weeks Exclusion criteria: Pregnant women with chronic disease with a history of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and low birth weight baby

Women in intervention group received individualized dietary pattern with trans fatty acids content under 1% of total daily energy intake, and in the control group, women received individualized dietary pattern without any focus on trans fatty acids content. Women in control group received individualized dietary pattern without any change in trans fatty acids content.

Preeclampsia Gestational diabetes mellitus Low birth weight

The reason for the update is to extract the results of this clinical trial. This study showed that a diet low in trans fatty acids can reduce the incidence of gestational diabetes, low birth weight and preeclampsia. Of the 800 women (n=407 in control and n=393 in intervention groups), 108 (13.5%) women were diagnosed with low birth weight. The incidence of low birth weight in intervention group was 12% and in control group was 19%. After multivariable adjustment for confounders, the hazard ratios for incident low birth weight in intervention group were 0.65 (0.44-0.96). Kaplan-Meier plot showed significant difference between two groups in incidence of low birth weight. There were statistically significant differences in intakes of daily trans fatty acids between the groups (P < 0.05). The hazard ratio (95% CI) for the incidence of preeclampsia in the intervention group was 0.56 (0.33–0.93). 14 women in the intervention group (5%) and 31 women in the control group (8%) were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. Chi-square test did not show any significant difference between two groups (P=0.08). Cox model was used and the variables were examined in four multivariate models that none of the modals showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding the incidence of GDM.

common project between Nursing and Midwifery Faculty with Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center of Shahid Beheshti University Of Medical Sciences

Intervention (dietary pattern with trans fatty acids<1%) and control through blocked randomization in block sizes of four and six and with an allocation ratio of 1:1. To conceal the allocation, the type of intervention (dietary pattern with trans fatty acids<1% or routine diet) was written on paper and placed into sequentially numbered opaque envelopes. The researcher opened the envelopes sequentially when a participant entered into the study, and, depending on the type of group written on the paper in the envelope, the participants were allocated to the relevant group. Blocking was done by a person not involved in the sampling.

Low trans fatty acid and gestational diabetes mellitus Low trans fatty acid and preeclampsia Low trans fatty acid and low birth weight

2018

Public

No criteria need

Physicians Midwifes Health care giver

No processes need