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Study aim
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Determining and comparing the effect of "ketamine-midazolam" with "ketamine-dexmedetomidine" on sedation, pain, and hemodynamic changes in patients candidate for fiberoptic bronchoscopy
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Design
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A randomized double-blind clinical trial, with the parallel groups
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Settings and conduct
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This randomized double-blind clinical trial is carried out at Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan. In this study, 66 candidates for fiberoptic bronchoscopy will be admitted and randomly divided into 2 parallel groups. Then for these two groups, "ketamine-midazolam" and "ketamine-dexmedetomidine" will be administered, respectively.
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Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
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Inclusion criteria include patients who are candidates for bronchoscopy and ASA I and II. Exclusion criteria included taking painkillers and opioids 24 hours before surgery, taking beta-blocker before the study, muscle weakness, drug allergies, and asthma, as well as patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, liver disease, chronic respiratory disease, immunodeficiency, people who have consumed alcohol 24 hours before surgery, and people with heart blocks and conduction disorders of the heart.
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Intervention groups
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First, for all patients, 2% lidocaine(Caspian-Tamin Company) is sprayed onto the vocal cords. For all patients, nasal oxygen with a flow of 2 liters per minute is installed. Patients in the first group receive 1 mg/kg ketamine(Caspian-Tamin Company) and 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine(Caspian-Tamin Company) for 10 minutes and the infusion of 0.5 mg/min ketamine and 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine. Patients in the second group receive 1 mg/kg ketamine and 2.5 mg midazolam (Caspian-Tamin Company) over ten minutes and are also given an infusion of 0.5 mg/min ketamine and a 25% starting dose of midazolam.
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Main outcome variables
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Sedation level; pain and hemodynamic parameters