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Study aim
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Comparison of the Effects of Ketorolac and Lidocaine on Reducing Pain During Propofol IV Injection in general anesthesia induction with or without tourniquet by Considering the contextual variables , Kosar hospital , Semnan ,2021
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Design
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Clinical trial, with parallel groups, not blinded, randomized, phase 3 on 120 patients, quadruple permutation block was used for randomization
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Settings and conduct
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120 patients in Kosar Hospital of Semnan in 1400 is randomly divided into 4 groups.
In L1, after injecting 40 mg of lidocaine, wait 30 seconds and inject a quarter of Propofol.
In L2, after using the tourniquet, inject Lidocaine, and after 30 seconds, release the tourniquet and immediately inject a quarter of Propofol.
In K1, after injecting 10 mg of Ketorolac, we follow L1.
In K2, after using the tourniquet, Ketorolac is injected and we act according to L2 group.
Finally, pain intensity is assessed based on verbal scoring (VRS) criteria.
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Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
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Patients with ASA 1 and 2 who have no history of drug, analgesic, or alcohol dependence and are not allergic to Propofol, Lidocaine, and Ketorolac, or who do not have chronic pain syndromes, neurological or psychological disease are eligible for the study.
Patients should be able to communicate verbally and not be pregnant.
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Intervention groups
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L1: Injection of 2 mg / kg Propofol at a rate of 0.5 cc per second after injection of 40 mg Lidocaine
L2: Injection of 2 mg / kg Propofol at a rate of 0.5 cc per second after injection of 40 mg Lidocaine with tourniquet
K1: Injection of 2 mg / kg Propofol at a rate of 0.5 cc per second after injection of 10 mg Ketorolac
K2: Injection of 2 mg / kg Propofol at a rate of 0.5 cc per second after injection of 10 mg Ketorolac with tourniquet
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Main outcome variables
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The severity of immediate pain is assessed based on VRS.
Painless (0)
Mild pain (1)
Moderate pain (2)
Severe pain (3)