Comparison of implicit learning methods such as errorless learning and analogical inference with the focus of external attention on retention and transfer of bowling skills in children with autism
The purpose of this research is to compare the effects of implicit learning methods such as errorless learning and analogical inference with the focus of external attention on the retention and transfer of bowling skills in children with autism.
Design
This study will have an intervention group with parallel groups for 8 children with autism.
Settings and conduct
This study will be conducted in the Ordibehesht Rehabilitation Center under the supervision of an occupational therapist and researcher.
Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
Autistic children
Inclusion criteria:
The Edinburg Handedness Inventory is used to assess right-handedness.
not having vision and hearing problems
Absence of pathology in the upper and lower limbs
Having a consent form
Exclusion criteria:
Not having a consent form
Inability to perform the pre-test
Unwilling to continue training
Any problem that the participants ran into that stopped them from doing the exercises
Intervention groups
Intervention Group 1: Learning the method of analogical inference with an emphasis on external focus of attention
Intervention Group 2: Learning the method of errorless with an emphasis on external focus of attention
Comparison of implicit learning methods such as errorless learning and analogical inference with the focus of external attention on retention and transfer of bowling skills in children with autism
Public title
Learning methods for bowling skills in children with autism
Purpose
Education/Guidance
Inclusion/Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria:
The Edinburg Handedness Inventory is used to assess right-handedness
Not having vision and hearing problems
Absence of pathology in the upper and lower limbs
Having a consent form
Exclusion criteria:
Inability to perform the pre-test
Unwilling to continue training
Any problem that the participants ran into that stopped them from doing the exercises
After the training interventions, it will be measured separately for each group.
Method of measurement
After one week from the last intervention session, the ball throwing test will be taken, the score will be calculated based on the pins that fall on the ground due to the ball throwing, and the progress during the intervention sessions and trial will be measured.
2
Description
Transferring bowling ball throwing skills
Timepoint
After the training interventions, it will be measured separately for each group.
Method of measurement
Participants will be given a lighter ball than the one used in the intervention sessions and will throw the lighter ball at the bowling pins.
Secondary outcomes
empty
Intervention groups
1
Description
Intervention Group 1 (Analogical inference method + external focus of attention): In this study, to learn the method of analogical inference, first, a toy car will be used instead of a ball, and the path of the ball towards the pins will be built as a road. A cartoon character will be placed on the bowling pins, which the occupational therapist will do by stating that the toy car must hit the cartoon characters by crossing the road. In the next sessions, we will teach the subjects how to move their hands and feet using the fictional story of the cat and the fish
Category
Rehabilitation
2
Description
Intervention Group 2 (Errorless Learning Method + External Focus of Attention): Participants will throw the ball at the bowling pins from a distance of 30 cm, then 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm, and up to 1 meter.
Is the source of funding the same sponsor organization/entity?
Yes
Title of funding source
Kharazmi University
Proportion provided by this source
100
Public or private sector
Public
Domestic or foreign origin
Domestic
Category of foreign source of funding
empty
Country of origin
Type of organization providing the funding
Academic
Person responsible for general inquiries
Contact
Name of organization / entity
Kharazmi University
Full name of responsible person
Mina Khodayari
Position
Student
Latest degree
Master
Other areas of specialty/work
Motor Behavior
Street address
KhU, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran
City
Tehran
Province
Tehran
Postal code
1571914911
Phone
+98 21 8832 9220
Email
mina.khodayari2407@gmail.com
Person responsible for scientific inquiries
Contact
Name of organization / entity
Kharazmi University
Full name of responsible person
Dr. Rasoul Yaali
Position
Assistant Professor
Latest degree
Ph.D.
Other areas of specialty/work
Motor Behavior
Street address
KhU, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran
City
Tehran
Province
Tehran
Postal code
1571914911
Phone
+98 21 2222 6040
Email
r.yaali@khu.ac.ir
Person responsible for updating data
Contact
Name of organization / entity
Kharazmi Unversity
Full name of responsible person
Mina Khodayari
Position
Student
Latest degree
Master
Other areas of specialty/work
Motor Behavior
Street address
KhU, No. 43. South Mofatteh Ave., Tehran, Iran
City
Tehran
Province
Tehran
Postal code
1571914911
Phone
+98 21 8832 9220
Email
mina.khodayari2407@gmail.com
Sharing plan
Deidentified Individual Participant Data Set (IPD)
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Study Protocol
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Statistical Analysis Plan
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Informed Consent Form
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Clinical Study Report
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Analytic Code
Not applicable
Data Dictionary
Not applicable
Title and more details about the data/document
The data related to the comparison of errorless learning and analogical inference with external focus of attention will be provided to the audience after the interventions.
When the data will become available and for how long
September 2023
To whom data/document is available
Professors and university students
Under which criteria data/document could be used
This study is published in the form of a master's thesis
From where data/document is obtainable
One should refer to the library of Kharazmi University
What processes are involved for a request to access data/document
Students go to the library of Kharazmi University and get the file from the librarian