Low birth weight significantly associated with infant mortality rate. Neonates in neonatal intensive care wards are separated from the mothers and lack of parental participation in care, have many risks and threats. Kangaroo Mother Care(KMC) is identified as alternative methods of care that can help to reduce these risks and threats. Kmc method cause better communication of parents and infants, improve weight gain in preterm infants, early discharge, reduction of nosocomial infection, develop exclusive breastfeeding, reduce hospital costs, cause more parental participation in care and better infant growth and development . Methods: This study was a semi-experimental clinical trial in which a researcher examine effects of independent variables (kmc care, Incubator care) on the dependent variables (body temperature, weight gain, exclusive breastfeeding, physiological measures) in 130 low birth weight infants admitted to neonatal intensive care in Tehran Mahdieh hospital ( 2009-2010). Since the success of kmc implementation and follow-up for the proper function and protection of mothers related to doctors and personnel knowledge and experience, the importance and necessity of training courses in this respect is obvious.