Inclusion criteria:
Definitive diagnosis of PD based on MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's Disease (2015)
The duration of the disease must be at least 5 years from the time of diagnosis
Patients should have ON- and OFF-period and have Hoehn Yahr stage≥III during OFF-period and Hoehn Yahr stage<III during ON-period.
Patients should only receive drug treatment at the time of study entry
The patient does not have levodopa-induced dyskinesia
The patient must have at least 30% response to levodopa therapeutic dose (based on UPDRS part III).
The function of different organs based on laboratory evaluations, within 7 days of entering the study, should include: (1) neutrophil count ≥2000/μl (2) platelet count ≥100,000/μl (3) AST/ALT ≤3 times the maximum normal value at the intervention site (4) total bilirubin value ≤ 1.5 times the maximum normal value at the intervention site (5) eGFR level: greater than or equal to 60 ml/min/1.73 square meters.
Before entering the study, the patient must submit a written consent form to participate in the research. (If the patient is unable to write due to illness, the patient's legal guardian must complete the written consent form, or if the legal guardian is not present, the patient must verbally inform the researcher of consent to enter the study.)
Exclusion criteria:
Patient with underlying disease (Such as abnormal immune system)
Patient with symptomatic brain damage confirmed by MRI
Patient with dementia.
Patient with a GBA mutation.
Patient with an abnormal coagulation system
Patient with positive viral markers.
Patient considered high-risk for surgical intervention (high risk of cardiovascular disease, pulmonary and other systemic diseases in pre-op evaluation)
Patient with concurrent neurological disorder such as malignancy, neoplasm, epilepsy, cerebral hemorrhage or a positive history of it, or uncontrolled mental diseases.
Patient with contraindications for MRI (the presence of metal in the body, the presence of a pacemaker in the body, claustrophobia, with artificial heart valves that are incompatible with MRI, body weight not within the tolerable range for the MRI table).
Patient cannot tolerate the use of immunosuppressive regimens (including azathioprine, prednisolone, tacrolimus), concomitant medications (such as levodopa, carbidopa, MRI contrast agent), cotrimoxazole, or bovine serum derivatives.
Patient that has undergone another cell transplantation.
Patient that is pregnant or lactating.
Patient who, according to the researcher's opinion, is not suitable for conducting the study safely.
Patient with a history of chronic alcohol or drug use.
Patient with a history of taking immunosuppressive drugs, antipsychotic drugs, anticonvulsant drugs, anticoagulant drugs, or apomorphine in the last three months.
Patient with a history of using botulism toxin, phenol, or any drug related to the treatment of dystonia or muscle cramps in the six months leading to the study.