Mindfulness training based on virtual reality and comparing its effectiveness with mindfulness therapy on the main symptoms, emotional dysregulation and executive functions of male adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

train mindfulness based on virtual reality and compare its effectiveness with mindfulness therapy on the main symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and executive functions of adolescent boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The clinical trial has three groups: mindfulness with virtual reality, mindfulness, and control. The group assignment was simple randomization, and the sample size was 65 patients.

First, after obtaining the necessary coordination with the relevant authorities, a visit will be made to a boys' high school located in Karaj. After obtaining informed consent, the SNAP questionnaire will be delivered to the students. Then, 65 students will be selected according to the entry and exit criteria.

Inclusion criteria: Presence of symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder since childhood Having normal vision and no serious vision problems Age between 13 and 18 years No neurological disorders such as epilepsy or brain injuries Parental consent for their child to participate in the study Not receiving concurrent treatment (medication and other psychological treatment) Exclusion criteria: Lack of commitment to doing home exercises Irregularity in attending sessions and absence of more than two sessions of therapy sessions Participant withdrawal during the training course Emergence of severe psychological disorders in the sample during the training course (anxiety, depression, severe academic problems) Inability to use a virtual reality headset

Intervention group 1: Mindfulness training using virtual reality. Intervention group 2: Mindfulness training. Group 3: Control

Core symptoms (attention deficit and hyperactivity-impulsivity), dysregulation of emotion and executive functions

A cluster (a high school) was randomly selected from among the high schools in Karaj. Then, all the students of this high school were considered as a cluster and the SNAP questionnaire was distributed among the students. Students whose average SNAP questionnaire scores were higher than the total average plus one standard deviation were selected as research subjects. These subjects included 65 people. Then, these subjects were randomly assigned to three groups in such a way that each person was assigned an identification code. Then, using random number generation software and the block randomization method, the subjects were divided into three groups: the first experimental group including mindfulness with virtual reality (25 people), the second experiment including traditional mindfulness (25 people), and the control group (15 people). The randomization process was carried out by an independent researcher, and the group assignment will remain secret until the intervention begins to prevent bias.