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The Effect of Eight Weeks of Core Stability and Short-Foot Exercises on Balance and Dynamic Foot Function in Taekwondo Athletes with Flexible Flat Feet

Protocol summary

Study aim
The effect of eight weeks of core stability training on single-leg balance in taekwondo athletes with flexible flat feet. The effect of eight weeks of short-leg training on single-leg balance in taekwondo athletes with flexible flat feet. The effect of eight weeks of core stability training on the dynamic leg performance of taekwondo practitioners with flexible flat soles. The effect of eight weeks of short leg training on the dynamic leg performance of taekwondo practitioners with flexible flat soles.
Design
The clinical trial has a control group with parallel groups and double-blind randomized phase 2 on 36 patients. This study will be experimental and will include three experimental groups, one group will be assigned to core stability exercises, another group will be assigned to core stability exercises with short legs and one group will be assigned to control.
Settings and conduct
Pre-test and post-test tests were conducted in the university's sports science laboratory and exercises were conducted inside the club's training facility.
Participants/Inclusion and exclusion criteria
People with flexible flat feet, or surgery on the lower limbs, spine, or pelvis in the past year were excluded from the study.For flat feet, after meeting the study entry criteria and being between 14 and 25 years old, the patient is examined with a navicular test and having a navicular drop of more than 10 mm.
Intervention groups
After dividing the subjects into 3 groups,In addition to the arch examination test, central stability exercises such as bridge with leg raises, abdominal exercises, lower body rotation, planks, bicycles, crunches, and weighted trunk rotations were performed for 8 weeks, three sessions per week.
Main outcome variables
Eight weeks of core stability and short leg training have an effect on single-leg balance and dynamic foot function in taekwondo athletes with flexible soles.

General information

Reason for update
Acronym
the effects of CS and SFE on SLB and DFF in TKD with FFF
IRCT registration information
IRCT registration number: IRCT20251018067670N1
Registration date: 2026-06-22, 1405/04/01
Registration timing: retrospective

Last update: 2026-06-22, 1405/04/01
Update count: 0
Registration date
2026-06-22, 1405/04/01
Registrant information
Name
Mohammad amin Emadian
Name of organization / entity
The University
Country
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Phone
+98 86 3277 1471
Email address
mohammadaminemadian@gmail.com
Recruitment status
Recruitment complete
Funding source
Expected recruitment start date
2026-01-15, 1404/10/25
Expected recruitment end date
2026-01-23, 1404/11/03
Actual recruitment start date
empty
Actual recruitment end date
empty
Trial completion date
empty
Scientific title
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Core Stability and Short-Foot Exercises on Balance and Dynamic Foot Function in Taekwondo Athletes with Flexible Flat Feet
Public title
The Effect of Eight Weeks of Core Stability and Short-Foot Exercises on Balance and Dynamic Foot Function in Taekwondo Athletes with Flexible Flat Feet
Purpose
Supportive
Inclusion/Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria:
flexible flatfoot
Exclusion criteria:
History of fractures and dislocation of foot hiatory of orthopedic surgury in the recent of three months infections of foot
Age
From 13 years old to 23 years old
Gender
Male
Phase
N/A
Groups that have been masked
  • Participant
  • Investigator
Sample size
Target sample size: 36
Randomization (investigator's opinion)
Randomized
Randomization description
One group was assigned to core stability exercises, another group to core stability exercises with short foot, and a control group.
Blinding (investigator's opinion)
Double blinded
Blinding description
The researcher and the people in the training group do not know which group they are in.
Placebo
Not used
Assignment
Parallel
Other design features

Secondary Ids

empty

Ethics committees

1

Ethics committee
Name of ethics committee
Ethics committee Arak University
Street address
Arak university , karbal Blvd , Sardasht , Arak city , Iran
City
Arak
Province
Markazi
Postal code
3848177584
Approval date
2025-03-18, 1403/12/28
Ethics committee reference number
IR.ARAKU.REC.1403.093

Health conditions studied

1

Description of health condition studied
Flexible flat foot
ICD-10 code
ICD-10 code description
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue

Primary outcomes

1

Description
Navicular bone loss of more than 10 mm
Timepoint
Start studying
Method of measurement
Balance measurement using the Y balance control device, dynamic performance measurement using the padoscan, and navicular drop measurement using a ruler's millimeter scale.

Secondary outcomes

empty

Intervention groups

1

Description
This study will include three experimental groups. The sample size was determined using G*Power software, and a total of 24 taekwondo athletes with flexible flat feet will be recruited. The study will be designed as a randomized controlled clinical trial with a pre-test–post-test design and a control group.The intervention program will last for eight weeks. Participants will be divided into three groups: a core stability training group, a combined core stability and short-foot exercise group, and a control group.
Category
Rehabilitation

2

Description
Core stability training will consist of trunk-specific exercises such as various types of plank exercises. Balance will be assessed using the Y-Balance Test, while dynamic foot function and plantar pressure distribution will be evaluated using Footscan and Podoscan systems.Participants in the experimental groups will undergo an eight-week corrective exercise intervention, whereas the control group will not receive any specific intervention. After completing all assessments, the testing procedures will be repeated at the end of the eight-week period, and the post-test results will be recorded and analyzed as outcome data for comparison with the pre-test measurements.
Category
Rehabilitation

Recruitment centers

1

Recruitment center
Name of recruitment center
Fateh Taekwondo club
Full name of responsible person
Mohammad Amin Emadian
Street address
Daneshgah Ave , Sport complex 5 mordad
City
Arak
Province
Markazi
Postal code
3816676559
Phone
+98 86 3277 1471
Email
aminemadian@gmail.com

Sponsors / Funding sources

1

Sponsor
Name of organization / entity
Fateh Taekwondo Club
Full name of responsible person
Mohammad Amin Emadian
Street address
Sport complex 5 mordad
City
Arak
Province
Markazi
Postal code
38166765559
Phone
+98 86 3277 1471
Email
aminemadian@gmail.com
Grant name
Grant code / Reference number
Is the source of funding the same sponsor organization/entity?
Yes
Title of funding source
Fateh Taekwondo Club
Proportion provided by this source
50
Public or private sector
Private
Domestic or foreign origin
Domestic
Category of foreign source of funding
empty
Country of origin
Type of organization providing the funding
Persons

Person responsible for general inquiries

Contact
Name of organization / entity
Arak Univercity
Full name of responsible person
Mohammad Amin Emadian
Position
Stiudent
Latest degree
Bachelor
Other areas of specialty/work
Sport scince
Street address
Gahangiri Ave . Sobhan Ave
City
Arak
Province
Markazi
Postal code
3816676559
Phone
+98 86 3277 1471
Email
aminemadian@gmail.com

Person responsible for scientific inquiries

Contact
Name of organization / entity
Arak Univecity
Full name of responsible person
Mohammad Amin Emadian
Position
Stiudent
Latest degree
Bachelor
Other areas of specialty/work
Sport Scince
Street address
Gahangiri Ave . Sobhan Ave
City
Province
Markazi
Postal code
3816676559
Phone
+98 86 3277 1471
Email
aminemadian@gmail.com

Person responsible for updating data

Contact
Name of organization / entity
Arak Unevevsity
Full name of responsible person
Mohammad Amin Emadian
Position
Stiudent
Latest degree
Bachelor
Other areas of specialty/work
Sport scince
Street address
Gahangiri Ave
City
Arak
Province
Markazi
Postal code
3816676559
Phone
+98 86 3277 1471
Email
aminemadian@gmail.com

Sharing plan

Deidentified Individual Participant Data Set (IPD)
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Study Protocol
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Statistical Analysis Plan
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Informed Consent Form
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Clinical Study Report
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Analytic Code
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Data Dictionary
Yes - There is a plan to make this available
Title and more details about the data/document
Only part of the data, such as information related to the main outcome of the research topic, will be shared.
When the data will become available and for how long
Access begins from 1405 onwards.
To whom data/document is available
For people who will work in academic and sports institutions
Under which criteria data/document could be used
They can only use information from the data we mentioned in the research itself.
From where data/document is obtainable
By sending and receiving messages from the researcher's email
What processes are involved for a request to access data/document
After sending an email regarding the request, it will be received by the individuals after a month of review.
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