Comparing the effectiveness of aquatic and land HIIT on knee function and quality of life in young male soccer players with patellofemural pain syndrome

Studying the effect of two types of activities in water and on land on knee pain syndrome

The present study is a pre-test-post-test randomized clinical trial with a control group (without blinding). 40 subjects were randomly (simple randomization) divided into four groups: aquatic exercise group (10 people), land exercise group (10 people), combined group (10 people), and control group (10 people).

This study will be conducted in the sports club and swimming pool in the Khanaqin. the aquatic group (performed 4 resistance movements in 8 sets, each set consisting of 2 minutes of intense interval training and 2 minutes of active rest between each set), the land group (performed 10 repetitions of 60 seconds of pedaling on an ergometer bike with 60 seconds of rest between repetitions), the combined group (one week of aquatic exercise and one week of land exercise), and the control group (no regular exercise). The experimental groups performed the exercises 3 sessions per week, each session lasting 40 min, for 2 months.

Inclusion criteria: Men with knee pain syndrome for at least six months in both legs, Absence of any other symptoms, No tobacco or alcohol addiction, Exclusion criteria: history of trauma, injury or surgery in the past three months, use of intra-articular injections in the past three months

The subjects were randomly divided into four groups (10 people each), including a control group, a land exercise group, a water exercise group, and a combined exercise group (water and land exercise every other week). The control group will not have any exercise program during this period.

Dependent variables: Dynamic balance, lower limb function, lower limb strength, pain reduction, and quality of life.

This study is designed as a randomized controlled clinical trial with an individual-level unit of randomization. A total of 40 eligible participants, after careful verification of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, completion of baseline assessments, and provision of written informed consent, will be randomly allocated to one of four study groups: control, aquatic exercise, land-based exercise, and combined exercise. Participants will be assigned to the study groups using a simple randomization method, with an equal allocation ratio of 1:1:1:1. Each participant will therefore have an equal and independent probability of being allocated to any of the four groups. The random allocation sequence will be generated using a computer-based random number generation procedure implemented in SPSS statistical software (version 26). The generation of the randomization sequence will be performed by an independent researcher who is not involved in participant recruitment, baseline assessment, intervention delivery, or data analysis. To minimize the risk of selection bias and to preserve internal validity, strict allocation concealment will be maintained until the point of final group assignment. The randomization results will be placed in sequentially numbered, opaque, sealed, and light-impermeable envelopes prepared by the independent researcher. These envelopes will be securely stored and opened strictly in the order of participant enrollment. The investigator responsible for participant recruitment and baseline assessments will remain blinded to the allocation sequence and group assignments until the envelope corresponding to the enrolled participant is opened. Each envelope will be opened only after eligibility confirmation, completion of baseline measurements, and signing of the informed consent form. This procedure ensures that neither the investigators nor the participants can predict or influence group assignment. Due to the nature of the exercise interventions, blinding of participants and intervention providers is not feasible. However, where possible, outcome assessments will be conducted by an independent assessor who is blinded to group allocation in order to minimize detection bias. All procedures related to randomization, allocation concealment, and group assignment will be fully documented and made available for review by the Ethics Committee or relevant regulatory authorities upon request.

En Part of the data, such as average age, gender,the average of the body mass index and results of the outcome have the possibility of sharing

6 months after the print results

Researcher people in Academic and scientific institutions

Just to compare with similar research using the documentation permitted

By email to Nasser Rostamzadeh naserrostamzadeh806@gmail.com

After you send the request via e-mail, lasts for 2 months