Inclusion criteria:
Patients eligible for elective cholecystectomy surgery are adults (above 18 years of age)
who have at least basic literacy (able to read and write)
They must have no impairment of smell, speech, hearing, or vision
no known allergy to peppermint or rosemary based on the initial patient interview and medical records
Patients should have no history of pulmonary or respiratory diseases
no substance abuse
no use of anticoagulant medications
no history of hypertension, and no psychiatric disorders. In addition, they should have no history of epilepsy or chronic headaches
not be pregnant
The postoperative pain intensity should be three or greater on the Visual Analogue Scale (Visual Analog Scale)
Before starting the intervention, the effects of anesthesia must have completely worn off, and the patient should be fully conscious after the operation
not connected to a ventilator, not receiving oxygen therapy, and able to breathe spontaneously
Exclusion criteria:
Use of analgesic or narcotic medications for pain relief beyond the routine postoperative orders.
Presence of physical complications or instability in hemodynamic and physiological status, such as occurrence of cardiac arrhythmia, respiratory problems, abnormal bleeding
blood pressure instability (including unusual increase or decrease during surgery or immediately after surgery in the recovery room), as well as any other abnormal condition reported by operating room staff or documented in the patient’s file.